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Yuriko Kitajima Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

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Yusuke Ono Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

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Introduction Estrogens have crucial roles in an extensive range of physiological functions regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, development, homeostasis, and metabolism ( Mauvais-Jarvis 2011 ). Estrogen insufficiency is

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Natalia Pavón Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, Mexico

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Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico

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Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, Mexico

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Cristina Uribe-Alvarez Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico

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Nadia A Rivero-Segura Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química UNAM, México D.F., Mexico

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Edgar Ricardo Vazquez-Martínez Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química UNAM, México D.F., Mexico

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Marco Cerbón Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química UNAM, México D.F., Mexico

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Eduardo Martínez-Abundis División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, México, Mexico

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Juan Carlos Torres-Narvaez Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, Mexico

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Raúl Martínez-Memije Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan DF, México, Mexico

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Francisco-Javier Roldán-Gómez Departamento de Consulta externa, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, Mexico

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Salvador Uribe-Carvajal Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico

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Introduction Estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone and progesterone) control diverse reproductive system functions. Their participation in other physiological processes such as cognition ( Sherwin 1999 ), cardiovascular function ( Stevenson 2000

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A Tury Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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G Mairet-Coello Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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F Poncet Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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C Jacquemard Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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P Y Risold Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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D Fellmann Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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B Griffond Laboratoire d’Histologie, E.A. Estrogènes, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, IFR INSERM 133, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25041 Besançon Cedex, France

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-core granules. An interesting field of research is the study of the estrogen responsiveness of QSOX genes. Effects of the estrogen status on these enzymes are not well documented yet. The SOx-3 and Q6 genes have been shown to be down-regulated by

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Robert L Moore Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Pediatrics, Microbiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Room K-701, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2307, USA

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Douglas V Faller Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Pediatrics, Microbiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Room K-701, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2307, USA
Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Pediatrics, Microbiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Room K-701, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2307, USA

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-mediated transcriptional repression and growth suppression of prostate cancer cells require SIRT1 ( Dai et al . 2007 ). It had not yet been determined whether SIRT1 plays a similar role in the action of estrogen antagonists. We here show that SIRT1 is not required for

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M Merle Elloso Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA

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Kristen Phiel Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA

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Ruth A Henderson Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA

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Heather A Harris Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA

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Steven J Adelman Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA

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2001 ). Although these gender differences are not fully understood, it is thought that sex hormonal influences on autoimmune disease may be involved. The disease modulating effects of estrogens in MS have been described. For example, clinical disease is

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Alpha Dian-Yu Lin Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Anita Mannikarottu Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Barry A Kogan Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Catherine Whitbeck Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Paul Chichester Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Robert E Leggett Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Robert M Levin Albany College of Pharmacy,
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

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Introduction Postmenopausal urinary bladder dysfunctions including recurrent urinary tract infection and incontinence may be associated with decreased serum estrogen ( Hu et al. 2004 , Tinelli et al. 2005 ). One mechanism that

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Sara Merlo Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, DISCAFF, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, DISCAFF, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy

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Giuseppina Frasca Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, DISCAFF, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy

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Pier Luigi Canonico Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, DISCAFF, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy

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Maria Angela Sortino Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, DISCAFF, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy

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Introduction It is largely known that the regulatory roles of estrogen extend well beyond the reproductive system. In all tissues and cell types, estrogen exerts its actions by interacting with two specific receptor subtypes, α and β (ERs). These

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M J Meyer Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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A V Capuco Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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Y R Boisclair Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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M E Van Amburgh Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA

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estrogenic compound ( Wallace 1953 ). These observations suggest that the effects of ovaries on the developing PAR are mediated by estrogen. The estrogen effects are mediated predominantly by the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the mammary gland ( Couse

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Ángel Enrique Céspedes Rubio Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia

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Maria José Pérez-Alvarez Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain

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Catalina Lapuente Chala Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Investigador Asociado Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia

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Francisco Wandosell Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain

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Introduction Estrogens and progestogens are the main female sexual hormones, both mainly synthesized and secreted to the blood by the ovaries (under pituitary control) and placenta and produced by the adrenal glands in both males and females

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K L Gustafsson Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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K H Nilsson Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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H H Farman Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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A Andersson Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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V Lionikaite Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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P Henning Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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J Wu Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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S H Windahl Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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U Islander Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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S Movérare-Skrtic Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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K Sjögren Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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H Carlsten Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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J-Å Gustafsson Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA

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C Ohlsson Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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M K Lagerquist Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Introduction Estrogen, the main female reproductive hormone, is a major regulator of bone homeostasis and it is well known that estrogen deficiency after menopause increases fracture risk and that estrogen treatment decreases this risk

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