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al. 1997 ), the acid labile subunit (ALS) of the IGF binding complex ( Ooi et al. 1997 ), serine protease inhibitor (Spi) 2.1 ( Yoon et al. 1990 ), suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) genes ( Tollet-Egnell et al. 1999 ), phosphoenol

. Chong MM , Thomas HE & Kay TW 2002 Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 regulates the sensitivity of pancreatic beta cells to tumor necrosis factor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 27945 –27952. Coleman DL & Hummel

in adipose tissue and hepatic tissue, IL6 is shown to be a pro-inflammatory adipokine. It increases insulin resistance by up-regulating suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), which, in turn, impairs insulin-induced insulin receptor and IRS1

-Haschimi et al . 2000 ), impaired leptin signaling by suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3; Bjorbaek et al . 1998 , Dunn et al . 2005 ), impaired leptin receptor trafficking ( Bjornholm et al . 2007 , Morrison et al . 2007 ), saturation of leptin

, a decrease in Akt activation through an increase in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) was linked to an inefficient leptin signaling ( King et al . 2018 ). Figure 2 Scheme of potential neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic peptides

members of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family. Currently the SOCS family consists of eight members (SOCS1–7 and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing domain (CIS)); the role of SOCS4–7 in cytokine signalling has received limited attention. The

Klingenspor M 2004 Photoperiodic regulation of leptin sensitivity in the Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus , is reflected in arcuate nucleus SOCS-3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling) gene expression . Endocrinology 145 1185 – 1193 doi:10.1210/en

RL Coonan JR Bartlett PF 2002 Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 regulates neuronal differentiation by inhibiting growth hormone signaling . Nature Neuroscience 5 1155 – 1162 . Westenbroek C Den Boer JA Veenhuis M Ter Horst GJ

number of subsets ( n ) of individual animals. Different letters denote significant differences ( P ≤0.05). Representative western blots are shown. The liver content of the suppressor of cytokine signaling CIS also varies depending on GH plasma

neuropeptide Y ( Npy ) and agouti related peptide ( Agrp ) and in the appetite-suppressing melanocortin pathway ( Huang et al . 2003 a , b ) were the predominant contributors, whereas other authors showed changes only in the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3