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D. S. GROSSO
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A. M. GAWIENOWSKI
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SUMMARY

The monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the ovariectomized rat uterus was significantly increased above control levels in animals given testosterone: 33% (P < 0·01) with tryptamine or 34% (P < 0·05) with tyramine as substrate. Activity was also higher in hydrocortisone-treated animals: 30% (P < 0·05) with tyramine or 25% (P < 0·05) with tryptamine as substrate. Progesterone injection increased MAO activity toward tyramine by 20% but towards tryptamine by only 8%. The differences are not statistically significant but are believed to be real since they were reproducible. MAO activity in oestradiol-treated animals was 11% less than in the controls for both substrates. Although they are not significant differences, they were reproducible. No change in MAO activity was observed in the cerebellum, hypothalamus or anterior pituitary of ovariectomized rats after steroid treatment. At oestrus the enzyme activity in the uterus was lower than at dioestrus or prooestrus when β-phenylethylamine was the substrate. When 5-hydroxytryptamine was used to measure enzyme activity, the same values were found at oestrus, dioestrus and prooestrus. Ovariectomy did not cause any changes in MAO activity in any of the tissues. Effects of the steroids in vivo were probably not due to a direct action on the enzyme since only at high concentrations did they have any effect on the mitochondrial enzyme activity of the uterus in vitro.

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A. M. GAWIENOWSKI
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J. N. CLARK
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C. N. SRINIVASAN
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SUMMARY

The activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has been determined during various stages of the oestrous cycle in rats. The enzyme activity was high during pro-oestrus and oestrus but low during dioestrus I and II.

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A. M. GAWIENOWSKI
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P. J. ORSULAK
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MARIA STACEWICZ-SAPUNTZAKIS
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B. M. JOSEPH
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SUMMARY

Female rats consistently preferred the odour of male rat preputial gland compared with that of foot pads, submaxillary-sublingual glands, coagulating glands, liver, fat or muscle. Both saline homogenates and ether extracts were effective. Female rats did not respond to the odour of female preputial extract and they preferred the odour of normal male preputial extract to that from castrated rats. The pheromone was not associated with the fatty acids of the preputial extract. The fractionation of the volatile components of preputial extracts by gas chromatography revealed that most of the biological activity resided in a specific fraction.

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