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In a study undertaken to try to correlate plasma levels, estimated by radioimmunoassay, and morphological signs of hyperactivity of the prolactin cells, three groups of spayed female rats bearing pituitary isografts were studied. These received (a) no oestrogen, (b) a low dose of 2 mg oestrone/l drinking water (0·5 mg/l being the dose that is sufficient to give vaginal cornification in spayed female rats), or (c) a high dose of 50 μg oestrone in oil/day (sufficient to induce pituitary tumours in rats). Varying degrees of prolactin secretory activity of both isografts and pituitary glands in situ were found, as shown by means of electron microscopy by the development of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi region, and the number of secretory granules. The morphological signs of secretory activity correlated with the dosage of oestrogen, but plasma levels of prolactin in the rats without oestrogen treatment did not differ significantly from those
