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SUMMARY
Repeated exposures of intact rats, neurohypophysectomized rats and rats with denervated kidneys to high-pitched sound (20 kcyc./sec.) for 2 sec. with an intensity of 98–100 decibels caused diuresis, natriuresis and kaluresis: the rate of urinary excretion of adrenaline rose very significantly. Adrenal demedullation abolished the natriuresis and kaluresis in response to 20 kcyc./sec. and converted the diuresis to an antidiuresis. The renal response of normal rats to 20 kcyc./sec. was therefore attributed to the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla in amounts sufficient to prevent an emotional release of antidiuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis. Since 20 kcyc./sec. caused a significant increase in the urinary output of vasopressin by adrenalectomized rats, an emotional release of vasopressin is assumed to have proceeded, uninhibited, in adrenal-de-medullated rats exposed to 20 kcyc./sec., and to have caused the observed antidiuresis.
The diuresis, natriuresis and kaluresis caused by 150 cyc./sec. mimicked by s.c. injection of 4 m-u. oxytocin, was unaffected by demedullation of the adrenals and was not accompanied by increase in urinary adrenaline.
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SUMMARY
Thunderclaps, recorded and replayed, and a sound frequency of 150 cyc./sec. at 98–100 decibels increased the urinary excretion of Na+ and K+ of normal but not of neurohypophysectomized rats; 150 cyc./sec. also increased urine flow. The urinary changes induced by a sound frequency of 150 cyc./sec. closely resembled those caused by the s.c. injection of 4 m-u. oxytocin.
Adrenaline hydrochloride, 0·5–10 μg./100 g. body weight, given s.c., caused antidiuresis, and reduced urinary Na+ and K+; 40 μg. adrenaline increased urine flow, and Na+ and K+ excretion. The Na:K ratio in the urine rose as the dose of adrenaline was increased.
The effect of 5 μg. adrenaline/100 g. given s.c. to rats with denervated kidneys was much the same as that of 40 μg./100 g. in unoperated rats.
Five μg. adrenaline, given subcutaneously, completely antagonized the urinary changes induced by 4 m-u. oxytocin in normal, and adrenalectomized rats, and in animals with denervated kidneys or treated with propylthiouracil. However, the oxytocin-induced kaliuresis in neurohypophysectomized rats was not antagonized.
Vasopressin, 0·2–3·0 m-u. s.c., caused antidiuresis without changes in urinary Na+ and K+ excretion; 6·0 m-u. delayed water excretion markedly and increased urinary Na+ and K+ output.
The urinary changes induced by replayed thunder were attributable to the release of oxytocin together with a lesser amount of vasopressin. By contrast a sound frequency of 150 cyc./sec. probably released oxytocin alone.
