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Search for other papers by D. EXLEY in
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The observation of an 8- to 10-day cyclic excretion of urinary oestrone in the normal human male (Exley & Corker, 1966) and the suggestion that this could be the result of a cyclic secretion of oestrone by the testes, stimulated a search for evidence of such a cycle in the urinary excretion of testosterone. Testosterone is excreted in the urine mainly as testosterone glucosiduronate and although the amount excreted of this urinary metabolite is not an accurate parameter of testosterone production it is considered to provide a reasonable indication of this production in the human male (Horton, Shinsako & Forsham, 1965). A longitudinal study of the daily excretion of urinary testosterone was therefore undertaken.
Two normal male subjects with sedentary occupations who abstained from unusual exertion during the period of urine collection were investigated. Subject A was 28 yr. old, 5 ft. 11 in. tall, weighed 161 lb. and was
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Search for other papers by C. S. CORKER in
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SUMMARY
A study has been made of the amounts of oestrone excreted in the urine on alternate days and of the daily excretion of creatinine, 17-oxosteroids, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids of one homosexual and four normal men. The results suggest an 8- to 10-day cycle of urinary oestrone and 17-oxosteroids excretion. Although the cyclical change is small it is statistically significant.
The cyclical activity is interpreted to be of testicular origin and suggests the possibility of a sexual cycle in the human male. Sexual cycles of male animals are discussed, and the human male cyclic period compared with that of the human menstrual cycle.
A similar rhythmic period of feedback between the gonads and the nervous system in males and females is suggested.
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Search for other papers by J. K. NORYMBERSKI in
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SUMMARY
Determinations of urinary 17-deoxycorticosteroids (17H-CS) and, in most instances, the concurrent determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17OH-CS) led to the following findings.
1. Healthy adults excreted 17H-CS at the rate of 3·4 ± 1·0 mg./24 hr. (mean ± s.d.) with a ratio of 17OH-CS to 17H-CS of 2·8 ± 0·6.
2. The assay of urinary 17H-CS accounted for 14–19% of the corticosterone acetate given orally to an Addisonian patient.
3. Stimulation or suppression of the adrenal cortex gave rise to changes in the excretion of 17H-CS closely paralleling those of 17OH-CS.
4. During the course of pregnancy the excretion of 17H-CS rose more steeply than that of 17OH-CS with the ratio of the latter to the former falling to 0·5–1·2 during the last two trimesters.
5. In children aged 1–12 days, the 17OH-CS: 17-H-CS ratio was 0·3 ± 0·1. In the sole case investigated, this ratio remained essentially unchanged until the age of 2 months; it rose from the 3rd month and attained a normal adult value at the age of 5 months.
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SUMMARY
An analytical method was developed which comprises the following successive operations: enzymic hydrolysis of urinary steroid conjugates; extraction and initial purification; reduction with potassium borohydride; paper-chromatographic separation into three fractions containing corticosteroid triols, tetrols and pentols, respectively; measurement of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and of 17-deoxycorticosteroids in each fraction. Subject to certain qualifications the outlined procedure is believed to account separately for the metabolites of cortisol, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone; it fails to distinguish between the metabolites of 21-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycortisol.
Assays of urines from non-pregnant women, pregnant women and newborn children revealed a different pattern in the composition of urinary corticosteroids in each group of subjects.
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Plasma was obtained from adult Wistar rats maintained under 14 h of light and 10 h of darkness and shown by daily vaginal smears to have had two or more cycles of 4 days' duration. Oestradiol-17β concentrations were measured by a micro-modification (Exley, 1969) of the competitive protein binding technique of Corker & Exley (1970). In more than 75% of cases plasma from two rats was pooled (5–7 ml) and duplicate determinations carried out. At concentrations above 10 pg/ml the average variation between duplicates was ±15% of the mean. Below this level, although the mean detectable amount was 6 pg (corresponding to a concentration of about 2 pg/ml) precision was such (average agreement between duplicates ±35%) that values in this range must be regarded as estimates only. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in samples from individual rats was determined by a modification (Naftolin & Corker, 1970) of the radioimmunoassay method of
