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ABSTRACT
The effects of the islet cell hormones glucagon, somatostatin-28 and pancreatic polypeptide on insulin secretion from cultured cloned pancreatic B cells (HIT-T15 and RINm5F) have been investigated. Glucagon stimulates the secretion of insulin from HIT-T15 cells in the absence and presence of glucose and from RINm5F cells in the absence and presence of glyceraldehyde. HIT-T15 cells were more sensitive to the stimulatory effect of glucagon than RINm5F cells. Somatostatin-28 and pancreatic polypeptide, both alone and in combination, reduced glucose- and glucagon-stimulated insulin release from HIT-T15 cells and glyceraldehyde- and glucagon-stimulated insulin release from RINm5F cells. HIT-T15 cells were more sensitive to the inhibitory actions of somatostatin-28 and pancreatic polypeptide than RINm5F cells. This study supports the hypothesis that insulin release from normal B cells may be modified by the paracrine activity of islet hormones, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide and probably occurs before any fine tuning imposed by subsequently released insulin.
Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 479–485
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ABSTRACT
Quantitative aspects of bioconversions in the testes of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied in vitro by incubation of tissue with [3H]pregnenolone or [3H]androstenedione. During the breeding period, spawning and non-spawning animals were collected from their natural habitat, the Hula nature reserve, in northern Israel. In the same period, non-spawning animals were collected from a fish pond in the same region. It was shown that spawning was accompanied by significant changes in steroid bioconversions, i.e. a reduction in androgen synthesis, especially of 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11β-hydroxytestosterone and an increase in the production of C21-steroids, especially progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and a pregnenolone ester. These changes resulted from a decreased contribution of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes 17α-hydroxylase, C17–20-lyase and 11β-hydroxylase. A rise in plasma gonadotrophin concentration was observed only in spawning catfish. In the absence of such an increase in plasma gonadotrophin, steroid synthesis in the testes of non-spawning feral and pond catfish was primarily directed towards the production of 11-oxygenated androgens and 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol. It is suggested that spawning is induced by gonadotrophin and the ensuing change in steroidogenesis. It is possible that husbandry conditions inhibit the necessary increase in gonadotrophin release.
J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 323–332
