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Nur77 is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily and is known to be expressed in animals under stress. We studied the role of nur77 in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during the stress response using a murine pituitary corticotrope cell line, AtT-20. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a stress mediator in the HPA axis, induced the expression of nur77 transiently in AtT-20 cells. Gel shift assay showed that nur77 bound to negative glucocorticoid responsive element (nGRE) in the promoter of the human proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and the formation of the nur77-nGRE complex increased after treatment of the cells with CRH. Negative GRE is known to be necessary for the negative regulation by glucocorticoid of the POMC gene expression. In stable transformants of AtT-20 cells expressing a human homolog of nur77, NAK-1, at a high level, glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of both POMC mRNA induction and ACTH secretion was significantly lower than that in the NAK-1-non-expressing cells (P < 0.001). These results strongly suggest that nur77 antagonizes the negative feedback effect of glucocorticoid on the synthesis and secretion of ACTH in pituitary corticotropes. This suggests that nur77 plays an important role in the pituitary gland in the biological adaptation to overcome stress.
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ABSTRACT
To determine the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) on plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), synthetic human α-ANP (hα-ANP) was infused i.v. into eight normotensive, disease-free volunteers, at a dose and duration previously found to be sufficient to produce apparent cardiovascular and renal effects.
The mean basal concentration of plasma ACTH determined by radioimmunoassay was 18·2 ± 3·1 ng/l. Plasma ACTH concentrations tended to be decreased during the infusion in all subjects. However, the change in plasma ACTH concentrations during infusion of hα-ANP was essentially the same as that during the infusion of saline. The mean plasma cortisol concentration was significantly suppressed from 25 to 40 min after the end of synthetic hα-ANP infusion. At 90 min after infusion, the mean plasma level of cortisol reverted to the pretreatment level. There was a non-significant increase in plasma renin activity following the infusion. The mean plasma aldosterone concentration was reduced by 15% (P < 0·05) during the infusion and returned to preinfusion levels 10 min after termination of the infusion, after which the mean plasma concentration declined to the level seen during infusion. Administration of hα-ANP had no significant influence on plasma DHEA concentrations, but there was a tendency to decrease during the infusion.
Our data suggest that synthetic hα-ANP inhibits adrenocortical steroidogenesis in man.
J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 287–292
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ABSTRACT
The effect of human recombinant activin-A on adrenal steroidogenesis was studied in cultured bovine adrenocortical cells. Activin-A significantly reduced cortisol output from ACTH (10nmol/l)-stimulated adrenocortical cells incubated for 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner (10, 100 and 500ng activin-A /ml suppressed cortisol secretion by 19, 33 and 40%), although no significant effect was observed in the case of 3 h incubation. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) secretion from ACTH-stimulated adrenocortical cells incubated for 24 h was also decreased by the addition of activin-A in a dose-dependent manner. (10, 100 and 500ng activin-A /ml suppressed DHEA secretion by 22, 56 and 58%).
These inhibitory effects of activin-A (100ng/ml) on cortisol and DHEA secretion were partially blocked by the addition of follistatin / FSH-Suppressing Protein (200ng/ml). In contrast, activin-A treatment resulted in no significant decrease in aldosterone secretion. There were no significant effects of activin-A on basal secretions of cortisol, DHEA or aldosterone from adrenocortical cells. These results suggest that activin-A has a direct inhibitory effect on ACTH-stimulated bovine adrenocortical steroidogenesis.
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ABSTRACT
We have studied the production and release of inhibin-like immunoreactivity in the human adrenal gland. Extract of human adrenal glands showed a displacement curve paralled with the inhibin standard. Inhibin-like immunoreactivity contents in the adrenal gland was 1893±474 (mean±S.D.) IU/g wet weight tissue. ACTH stimulated the secretion of inhibin-like immunoreactivity as well as cortisol and aldosterone in a dose-dependent manner in the cultured adrenal cells. These results indicate that the human adrenal gland produces and secretes inhibin-like peptide in response to ACTH.
