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Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts stimulate insulin secretion from perfused pancreas, isolated islets and clonal pancreatic β-cells

J M A Hannan

J M A Hannan Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Group, BIRDEM, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

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L Marenah

L Marenah Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Group, BIRDEM, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

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L Ali

L Ali Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Group, BIRDEM, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

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B Rokeya

B Rokeya Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Group, BIRDEM, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

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P R Flatt

P R Flatt Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Group, BIRDEM, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

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Y H A Abdel-Wahab

Y H A Abdel-Wahab Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Group, BIRDEM, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

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Ocimum sanctum leaves have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose when administered to rats and humans with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of ethanol extract and five partition fractions of O. sanctum leaves were studied on insulin secretion together with an evaluation of their mechanisms of action. The ethanol extract and each of the aqueous, butanol and ethylacetate fractions stimulated insulin secretion from perfused rat pancreas, isolated rat islets and a clonal rat β-cell line in a concentration-dependent manner. The stimulatory effects of ethanol extract and each of these partition fractions were potentiated by glucose, isobutylmethylxanthine, tolbutamide and a depolarizing concentration of KCl. Inhibition of the secretory effect was observed with diazoxide, verapamil and Ca²⁺ removal. In contrast, the stimulatory effects of the chloroform and hexane partition fractions were associated with decreased cell viability and were unaltered by diazoxide and verapamil. The ethanol extract and the five fractions increased intracellular Ca²⁺ in clonal BRIN-BD11 cells, being partly attenuated by the addition of verapamil. These findings indicated that constituents of O. sanctum leaf extracts have stimulatory effects on physiological pathways of insulin secretion which may underlie its reported antidiabetic action.

Article Type:: Research Article

DOI:: https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06615

Volume/Issue:: Volume 189: Issue 1

Free access

Insulin secretory actions of extracts of Asparagus racemosus root in perfused pancreas, isolated islets and clonal pancreatic β-cells

J M A Hannan

J M A Hannan Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
Biomedical Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, BIRDEM, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Lamin Marenah

Lamin Marenah Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
Biomedical Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, BIRDEM, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Liaquat Ali

Liaquat Ali Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
Biomedical Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, BIRDEM, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Begum Rokeya

Begum Rokeya Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
Biomedical Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, BIRDEM, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Peter R Flatt

Peter R Flatt Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
Biomedical Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, BIRDEM, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Yasser H Abdel-Wahab

Yasser H Abdel-Wahab Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
Biomedical Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, BIRDEM, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

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Asparagus racemosus root has previously been reported to reduce blood glucose in rats and rabbits. In the present study, the effects of the ethanol extract and five partition fractions of the root of A. racemosus were evaluated on insulin secretion together with exploration of their mechanisms of action. The ethanol extract and each of the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions concentration-dependently stimulated insulin secretion in isolated perfused rat pancreas, isolated rat islet cells and clonal β-cells. The stimulatory effects of the ethanol extract, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate partition fractions were potentiated by glucose, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine IBMX, tolbutamide and depolarizing concentration of KCl. Inhibition of A. racemosus-induced insulin release was observed with diazoxide and verapamil. Ethanol extract and five fractions increased intracellular Ca²⁺, consistent with the observed abolition of insulin secretory effects under Ca²⁺-free conditions. These findings reveal that constituents of A. racemosus root extracts have wide-ranging stimulatoryeffects on physiological insulinotropic pathways. Future work assessing the use of this plant as a source of active components may provide new opportunities for diabetes therapy.