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Abstract
The expression of mRNA encoding the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the fetal rat was examined using the method of reverse transcription-PCR. A 742 bp PCR product encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the PRLR was detected in maternal and fetal liver and in fetal adrenal, kidney, small intestine, pancreas, brain, pituitary, thymus, lung and skin but not in fetal heart. Highest levels of the 742 bp PRLR transcript were detected in fetal adrenal (45·2% of levels in maternal liver), kidney (27·2%), small intestine (21·7%), pancreas (18·3%) and liver (10·8%), and tissue levels of the 742 bp product correlated positively (r=0·92, P<0·01) with the specific binding of the fetal lactogenic hormone rat placental lactogen II (rPL-II). These findings suggest that the PRLR may serve as a physiological binding protein for rPL-II in the rat fetus. There were striking differences in the relative expression of mRNA encoding the long and short forms of the PRLR. The long form of the receptor was expressed in maternal liver and placenta and in all fetal tissues studied except fetal heart. The short form of the receptor was also detected in maternal liver and placenta and fetal adrenal, kidney, small intestine, liver and thymus; in contrast, there was limited expression of the short-form of the receptor in fetal pancreas, pituitary and brain and no short form transcripts were detected in fetal lung, skin or heart. The results of these studies indicate widespread expression of the rat PRLR in fetal and uteroplacental tissues, implicating diverse roles for the placental prolactin-like proteins in fetal development.
Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 285–292
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ABSTRACT
Normal endometrial luminal epithelial cells isolated from ovariectomized approximately 40-day-old BALB/cCrgl mice were purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and grown as primary cultures in collagen gel matrix and serum-free medium. Cells increased threefold in number during the 9-day culture period. Deletion of insulin, epidermal growth factor or bovine serum albumin resulted in decreased growth. Addition of any single factor to the unsupplemented medium had no effect. Relatively high levels of cytosolic oestrogen receptors and progestin receptors were demonstrable in the cultures. Addition of oestrogen did not enhance epithelial cell proliferation. On the contrary, all doses of oestrogen (180 fmol/l to 218 nmol/l) were inhibitory. Continuous exposure to oestradiol-17β (1·8 nmol/l) for 9 days in serum-free medium resulted in a decrease in cytosolic oestrogen receptors with an associated nuclear accumulation of oestrogen receptors. A corresponding increase in cytosolic progestin receptors was also observed, indicating that no qualitative modification of the oestrogen receptor system had occurred. Thus, as previously reported for vaginal epithelial cells, oestrogen, despite its stimulation of specific product synthesis (progestin receptors), did not increase proliferation of endometrial luminal epithelial cells in this culture system.
Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 128, 115–120
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Abstract
The red deer is a seasonally breeding mammal with a circannual cycle of prolactin secretion which reaches its peak during the non-breeding season. This study investigated expression of the prolactin receptor gene in red deer tissues collected in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. A 562 bp fragment of the extracellular domain of the red deer prolactin receptor cDNA was amplified from red deer liver poly(A)+ RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers designed from the human sequence. Northern blots were prepared using 10–20 μg poly(A)+ RNA. The blots were hybridized to the 562 bp cDNA labelled by random priming with α32P-dCTP. A main transcript of 3·5 kb was expressed in liver, heart, kidney and testis throughout the year and in epididymis during the breeding season only. In the testis an additional major transcript of 1·7 kb was present during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Competitive binding assays using 125I-ovine prolactin (125I-oPRL) were performed on microsomal membrane fractions prepared from liver. Scatchard analyses confirmed the presence of a single class of lactogen-binding receptor with a mean Ka of 0·87 ± 0·12 × 109 m −1 and a Bmax of 73·6 ± 9·8 fmol/mg protein (n=5). Cross-linking of 125I-oPRL to liver microsomes with 0·5 mm disuccinimidyl suberate followed by SDS-PAGE revealed a major band of molecular mass 56 kDa which was displaced by ovine prolactin, suggesting a specific lactogen-binding entity of 33 kDa. This study confirms the expression of the red deer prolactin receptor gene throughout the year, characterizes the prevalent form of receptor in the liver and demonstrates the expression of a separate, short form in the testis.
Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 313–321
