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M. RAJALAKSHMI
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

Sialic acid is secreted by the testis, epididymis, ductus deferens and Cowper's gland of the male albino rat. Castration results in a considerable reduction in the sialic acid content of these organs. Androgen administration to castrated rats elevates the sialic acid levels in Cowper's gland to control values, while that of the other organs is only partially restored. This is probably due to the presence of spermatozoa in the epididymis in the control animals and is supported by the decreased values of sialic acid in animals with ligatures. The physiological integrity of the epididymal canal and Cowper's gland is thus dependent on the circulating levels of androgen.

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M. RAJALAKSHMI
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

The effects of a single dose of testosterone on the content of DNA, RNA and protein and the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into protein in the epididymis, vas deferens and ventral prostate of the rat were studied. A single dose of testosterone did not increase the weights of the accessory organs but restored the incorporation of [3H]phenylalanine into proteins in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymides, vas deferens and ventral prostate to the normal level. Within 1 h of hormone administration, significant increases in the content of DNA, RNA and protein were noticed in the cauda epididymidis and ventral prostate. The caput and corpus epididymides and vas deferens showed decreasing order of responsiveness to testosterone. These data are discussed with respect to the relative responsiveness of these organs to reinitiation of their function by administration of a single dose of testosterone. The new protein(s) synthesized in response to hormonal stimulation associated with growth and secretory activity of the cells may be different from the new protein macromolecules synthesized after hormone withdrawal or inhibition of hormone action which are involved in autolytic processes.

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M. RAJALAKSHMI
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

The morphology of the male genital tract and the sites of formation of fructose, citric acid and sialic acid in the male accessory glands of the giant fruit bat, Pteropus giganteus giganteus are described. The seminal vesicle secretes only fructose while the prostate and ampullary glands secrete both fructose and citric acid. Cowper's glands secrete large amounts of sialic acid. However, considerable variations in content and concentration of these constituents are found within the group.

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M. RAJALAKSHMI
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

The content and concentration of sialic acid in the testis, caput epididy-midis, cauda epididymidis and ductus deferens show changes during the transition from the prepuberal to the puberal (mature) state in the rat. The peak of sialic acid is attained in the caput epididymidis and cauda epididy-midis and ductus deferens between days 40 and 45 prior to the entry of sperms into these regions. Following the entry of sperms there is a sharp decline in sialic acid till day 60 in the caput epididymidis and ductus deferens while in the cauda epididymidis the decline in sialic acid is only transient between days 45 and 50 and is followed by sharp increase at day 60. Efferent duct ligation caused a marked decrease in content of sialic acid in the caput epididymidis only. The significance of these changes is discussed in relation to the maturation of spermatozoa.

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PUSHPA SETH
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

Superovulation was induced in palm squirrels by the administration of gonadotrophins. The regimen of treatment effective in inducing ovulation was 60 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) administered in three doses of 20 i.u. on days 1, 4 and 7, followed by a single injection of 40 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on day 14. The same schedule of PMS and HCG administration induced ovulation in mature and immature squirrels both during the breeding season and the period of sexual quiescence. Ovulation did not occur in PMS-treated females if HCG was not administered. The period required for follicular growth before the follicles responded to the ovulatory stimulus of HCG was 13–14 days; the interval for follicular maturation leading to the release of the ovum was approximately 24 hr. Variations in the numbers of ova shed by different groups of females are related to the phase of the reproductive cycle and the age of the squirrels.

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SURESH MOHLA
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

The incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA in the blastocyst and uterus has been studied autoradiographically during delayed implantation and after treatment with oestrogen.

Minimal RNA synthesis, as judged by the accumulation of perchloric acid-precipitable isotope originating from [3H]uridine, was seen in the blastocyst during delayed implantation. Treatment with oestrogen enhanced, within 5 min, incorporation of [3H]uridine in a number of cells in all regions of the blastocyst; there was a fourfold increase in the number of grains/cell and the uptake was predominantly located in the nucleus. The number of grains/cell in the blastocyst gradually increased from fourfold at 15 and sixfold at 30 min to a maximal tenfold increase at 60 min after treatment with oestrogen.

Minimal RNA synthesis was seen in the uterus during delayed implantation. Treatment with oestrogen resulted, within 5 min, in a threefold increase in the number of labelled uterine epithelial cells and a sixfold increase in the number of grains/cell in the uterine epithelial nuclei; this level remained the same at 15, 30 and 60 min after hormone treatment. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to early action of oestrogen on the uterus and blastocyst. It is likely that activation of the delayed blastocyst may involve some mechanism which alters cell permeability.

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M. RAJALAKSHMI
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P. R. K. REDDY
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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The accessory organs of reproduction in mammals secrete fructose and citric acid but the sites of secretion are different in different mammals (Mann, 1964). The present study is concerned with the sites of formation of fructose and citric acid, as well as of sialic acid and lipids in the accessory organs of reproduction of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus.

Colony-bred, mature, male hamsters maintained under constant husbandry conditions and weighing between 100 and 125 g were used. At autopsy, the accessory glands were removed, weighed to the nearest 0·2 mg, and used for the estimation of fructose, citric acid (Rajalakshmi & Prasad, 1968) and lipids (Reddy, Prasad & Misra, 1972). The results were briefly as follows. The seminal vesicle secreted both fructose (42·4 ± 6·2 mg/100 g) and citric acid (20·7 ± 5·2 mg/100 g). However, the analysis of the seminal vesicles with and without the secretion showed that both these

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N. DINAKAR
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RENU ARORA
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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SUMMARY

Release of testosterone from silastic implants over a period of 90 days resulted in variable stimulation of the epididymis and accessory glands of reproduction in the castrated rhesus monkey. While the weights of the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbo-urethral glands were maintained at the same level as the intact control animals by four or eight implants of testosterone, those of the epididymis and ductus deferens were not affected by either dose of testosterone.

Fructose in the seminal vesicles was stimulated significantly above intact control levels by eight implants of testosterone.

There was no regional variation in the levels of sialic acid in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymides, but the concentrations of phospholipid and total lipid were significantly higher in the caput epididymidis.

Our observations suggest there may be differential threshold requirements of androgens for the maintenance of the epididymis and accessory glands in the male rhesus monkey.

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A. H. REDDI
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M. R. N. PRASAD
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S. DURAISWAMI
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SUMMARY

The sites of formation of fructose and citric acid in the male accessory glands of reproduction in the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti, are described. The seminal vesicle secretes only fructose in concentrations much higher than any recorded so far in a rodent. The compact prostate produces both fructose and citric acid. The findings are discussed in relation to the sites of formation of these constituents in other rodents.

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M. S. K. PRASAD
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K. MURALIDHAR
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N. R. MOUDGAL
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P. R. ADIGA
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Administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) or ovine LH to immature rats primed with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) stimulated the rate of synthesis of polyadenylic acid (poly A)-rich RNA in the ovaries. The rate of total RNA synthesis was not affected significantly by hormone treatment, whereas protein synthesis was enhanced. The increase in the rate of synthesis of poly(A)-rich RNA in the ovaries could be inferred as induction of messenger RNA synthesis after the hormone treatment. The poly(A)-rich nature of the isolated RNA was established by oligo(dT)–cellulose chromatography, binding to Millipore filter disks and hydridization with [3H]polyuridylic acid. The level of cyclic AMP in the ovaries of such rats was also raised after administration of LH, the increase coincided with the increase in the rate of synthesis of poly(A)-rich RNA. The implications of these results are discussed in the light of the biochemical basis of luteinization and the action of LH.

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