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I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
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I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy
Endocrinology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of different metabolic alterations and cardiovascular risk factors, with insulin resistance being one of the main pathogenic factors. In men, MetS is also associated with a sex hormone
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often referred to as metabolic syndrome (MetS), which has been recognized to be a complication of adipose tissue dysfunction. It is well known that the main biological function of adipose tissue is to manage lipid storage providing both long-term and
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abnormalities tightly correlates with cardiovascular dysfunction, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates ( Reaven 2005 a ). The term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been adopted ( Reaven 1988 , DeFronzo & Ferrannini 1991 , Kahn et al . 2005 ) and the
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Introduction The term ‘metabolic syndrome’ (MS) is used to describe the simultaneous occurrence of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This syndrome is emerging as one of the major medical and public health problems both in
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Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Drug Research, Center of Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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) and in patients prescribed GC-based therapy for immunomodulatory purposes ( Raul Ariza-Andraca et al . 1998 , Gulliford et al . 2006 ). In addition, hypercortisolemic conditions share many characteristics with the metabolic syndrome ( Anagnostis et
Section of Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Torre Biologica 5th floor, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Introduction The metabolic syndrome consists of a combination of risk factors that include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
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-Smith et al . 1989 ). This pattern of central fat accumulation, associated with glucose intolerance and hypertension, results in remarkable similarities between the clinical features of Cushing's syndrome and those of the metabolic syndrome ( Reaven
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gain-of-function polymorphism in NPY gene (rs16139, p.L7P), which increases NPY secretion especially upon sympathetic activation (Kallio et al. 2001, Mitchell et al. 2008), has been associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. weight
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Department of Human Metabolism, Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Introduction There has been an alarming increase, of epidemic proportions, in both obesity and diabetes in the general population with increased cardiovascular risk associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS
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Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, CIRMAR (Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulle basi molecolari della Malattie della Riproduzione), Department of Anatomy, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Urology, Immunoallergology Unit, Scientific Affairs Men's Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Intercept Pharmaceuticals Italia Srl, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy
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inflammation) components ( Nickel 1994 , Fibbi et al . 2010 , Moul & McVary 2010 , Donnell 2011 ). A growing body of evidence has documented a strong and independent association between BPH/LUTS and obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS; Mongiu & McVary 2009