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of pituitary tumours and very rarely concomitant hyperplasia. Patients usually present in the second or third decade ( Hernández-Ramírez et al . 2015 ) and are less responsive to somatostatin analogues (SSA) ( Daly et al . 2010 ). Germline mutations
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Introduction Somatostatin (SST) is synthesised and secreted by neuroendocrine cells in the CNS and in the gastrointestinal and immune systems ( Reichlin 1983 a , b ). In the pancreatic islet, the peptide is produced by δ-cells, which comprise
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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Introduction Neuronostatin (NST), a recently described peptide hormone encoded in the preprosomatostatin gene but without amino-acid homology to somatostatin (SST) ( Samson et al. 2008 ), has been shown to exert important physiological
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
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Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
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Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain
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( Melmed 2011 ). Surgery is the first-line treatment for most pituitary tumors, except for prolactin (PRL)-secreting lactotrope tumors (prolactinomas), which often respond favorably to medical treatment with dopamine agonists. Synthetic somatostatin (SST
Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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development, remains unclear. GH release is regulated by the hypothalamic peptides somatostatin and growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). Somatostatin is released from somatostatin-expressing neurons in the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
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Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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delta cells participate in paracrine alpha cell inhibition at high glucose ( Elliott et al. 2015 , Briant et al. 2018 , Kellard et al. 2020 ). The somatostatin-secreting delta cells exert tonic inhibition on alpha cells across the full range of
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
GKT School of Medicine, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
GKT School of Medicine, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
GKT School of Medicine, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
GKT School of Medicine, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
GKT School of Medicine, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK
GKT School of Medicine, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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in acromegaly ( Clayton 2003 ). The coexistence of hypertension increases the incidence of cardiac abnormalities ( Colao et al. 2000 a ) and the risk of premature death ( Holdaway et al. 2004 ). Treatment with the somatostatin receptor
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. During this time, testicular testosterone organizes hypothalamic somatostatin (SST) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) neurons that influence the liver later in development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis develops as a result
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Introduction Somatostatin, an inhibitory hormone widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, plays an important regulatory role in neurotransmission and secretion, preventing the release of GH, TSH
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). Somatostatin produced in the gastric mucosa is known to suppress secretion of several gastrointestinal hormones in a paracrine fashion, and many studies have shown that somatostatin and its analogs inhibited ghrelin secretion in both humans and rats ( Barkan