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Benoit Cox Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Heleen Roose Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Annelies Vennekens Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Hugo Vankelecom Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Pituitary stem cells: purported players in pituitary housekeeping The pituitary gland acts as the governor of the endocrine system, integrating inputs from the central hypothalamus and from peripheral grounds to adjust the output of endocrine

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Benoit Cox Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Emma Laporte Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Annelies Vennekens Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Hiroto Kobayashi Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
Department of Anatomy and Structural Science, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

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Charlotte Nys Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Indra Van Zundert Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Hiroshi Uji-i Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

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Alizée Vercauteren Drubbel Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium

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Benjamin Beck Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

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Heleen Roose Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Matteo Boretto Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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Hugo Vankelecom Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium

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composition in a strict way, both in basal and hormone-demanding conditions. A key player in achieving appropriate cell remodeling in the gland may be the local stem cells since tissue stem cells typically generate new functional cells during homeostatic

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Michael G White Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, North East Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Hussain R Al-Turaifi Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, North East Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Graham N Holliman Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, North East Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Ali Aldibbiat Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, North East Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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Aiman Mahmoud Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, North East Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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James A M Shaw Diabetes Research Group, Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, North East Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK

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and isolated putative stem cells from adult pancreas ( Seaberg et al . 2004 , Suzuki et al . 2004 , Eberhardt et al . 2006 ), but the expression of the pluripotency-associated embryonic stem (ES) cell markers has only been reported in exploratory

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Scott Haston Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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Saba Manshaei Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK

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neoplasias raising the possibility that they represent a tumour-initiating cell population. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying pituitary stem cell (PSC) self-renewal, differentiation and programmed death may lead to a greater understanding of

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Kyle Caires Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, PO Box 646353, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USA

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Johnathan Broady Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, PO Box 646353, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USA

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Derek McLean Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, PO Box 646353, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USA

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male. The kinetics of sperm production were first described in rodents ( Oakberg 1956 ) with the knowledge of the presence of adult stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), scientists hypothesized that germ cell differentiation in the testis

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Subhshri Sahu
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David Tosh Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India

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Anandwardhan A Hardikar
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for obtaining insulin-producing cells: existing β-cells from the other pancreatic cell types (endocrine, acinar or ductal), provoking regeneration from human embryonic stem cells, recapitulating the normal sequence of developmental events that leads to

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Yuriko Kitajima Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

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Yusuke Ono Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

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remains to be fully understood. Muscle tissue stem cells, called satellite cells, play crucial roles in providing myonuclei for postnatal muscle growth as well as in muscle maintenance, repair, regeneration, and hypertrophy in adults ( Dumont et al

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Julian C Lui Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

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a condensation of mesenchymal stem cells, which differentiate into type II collagen-producing chondrocytes to form a cartilage mold ( Hall & Miyake 2000 ). As this cartilage structure gradually expands due to chondrocyte proliferation, at the center

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Noriko Sakai
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Hiromi Terami
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Shinobu Suzuki
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Megumi Haga
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Ken Nomoto
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Nobuko Tsuchida
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Ken-ichirou Morohashi Department of Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery, Division of Sex Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biomedicine, Research Center Kobe, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan

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Naoaki Saito Department of Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery, Division of Sex Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biomedicine, Research Center Kobe, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan

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Maki Asada Department of Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery, Division of Sex Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biomedicine, Research Center Kobe, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan

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Megumi Hashimoto Department of Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery, Division of Sex Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biomedicine, Research Center Kobe, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan

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Daisuke Harada Department of Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery, Division of Sex Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biomedicine, Research Center Kobe, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan

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Hiroshi Asahara Department of Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery, Division of Sex Differentiation, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biomedicine, Research Center Kobe, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan

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Tetsuya Ishikawa
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Fumiki Shimada
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Kazuhiro Sakurada
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stem cells (MSCs) infected with an adenovirus-encoding bovine SF-1 (bSF-1) synthesized de novo multiple steroid hormones ( Gondo et al . 2004 , Tanaka et al . 2007 ). This has been confirmed by Yazawa et al . (2006) who established steroidogenic

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Emin Umit Bagriacik Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Melek Yaman Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Rauf Haznedar Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Gulsan Sucak Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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Tuncay Delibasi Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology Department, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey

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extrathyroidal tissues has not been clarified. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have been characterized by many properties so far. They are pluripotent cells that are capable of differentiating into a variety of mesenchymal tissues

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