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Alexander Hennebry AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Jenny Oldham AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Tea Shavlakadze School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

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Miranda D Grounds School of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

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Philip Sheard Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Marta L Fiorotto USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Shelley Falconer AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Heather K Smith Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

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Carole Berry AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Ferenc Jeanplong AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Jeremy Bracegirdle AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Kenneth Matthews AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Gina Nicholas AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Mônica Senna-Salerno AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Trevor Watson AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Christopher D McMahon AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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binds and activates activin type 2B receptors to promote phosphorylation of Smad2/3 ( Rebbapragada et al. 2003 ), while IGF1 activates the IGF1 receptor and phosphorylates PI3 kinase (PI3K) and AKT ( Rommel et al. 2001 ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0032
Volume/Issue:
Volume 234: Issue 2
Free access
Rukmani Pandey Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Pallavi Shukla Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Baby Anjum Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Himanshu Pawankumar Gupta Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Subhashis Pal Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Nidhi Arjaria Electron Microscopy Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR–IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Keerti Gupta Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Naibedya Chattopadhyay Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Rohit A Sinha Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

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intervention within the brain ( Garcia-Huerta et al. 2016 ). Growth factor signal transduction pathways often stimulate PI3K-AKT-mTOR mechanism and inhibit neuronal autophagy ( Kalkman & Feuerbach 2017 ). Although primarily studied in glial cells, epidermal

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0197
Volume/Issue:
Volume 244: Issue 1
Restricted access
Ryan Paul University of Auckland Waikato Clinical School, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Kim Whiteman ManukaMed LP, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Shelley J Falconer AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Jenny M Oldham AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Ferenc Jeanplong AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Kenneth G Matthews AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Heather K Smith Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand

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Mark Thomas ManukaMed LP, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Trevor Watson AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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Christopher D McMahon ManukaMed LP, Hamilton, New Zealand
AgResearch Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand

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AKT ( Rommel et al. 2001 ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is common to both factors and there is considerable cross-regulation between the two, wherein myostatin inhibits AKT to block IGF1-induced hypertrophy of myotubes ( Morissette et al. 2009 ), IGF1

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0485
Volume/Issue:
Volume 248: Issue 2
Restricted access
Toya M Albury-Warren Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA

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Veethika Pandey Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA

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Lina P Spinel Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA

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Michal M Masternak Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA

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Deborah A Altomare Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA

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Introduction AKT, a serine/threonine kinase, is downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and growth factor receptors (e.g. epidermal growth factor receptor), and is a hallmark signaling protein predominantly recognized for regulation of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0288
Volume/Issue:
Volume 228: Issue 1
Free access
A Tsuchiya Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan

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T Kanno Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan

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T Nishizaki Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan

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Introduction Akt is a serine/threonine protein kinase bearing multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration. Akt includes three closely related isoforms Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0172
Volume/Issue:
Volume 220: Issue 1
Open access
Olivier Le Bacquer UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France

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Gurvan Queniat UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France

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Valery Gmyr UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France

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Julie Kerr-Conte UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France

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Bruno Lefebvre UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France

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François Pattou UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France
UMR859, INSERM UMR859, INSERM UMR837, CHU Lille, Faculty of Medicine, Université Lille Nord de France, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France

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& Sonenberg 2004 , Wullschleger et al . 2006 ). mTORC1 and mTORC2 are two distinct complexes sharing mTOR as a catalytic subunit. mTORC1 is composed of mTOR, regulated associated protein of mTOR (raptor), proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40), and G

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0351
Volume/Issue:
Volume 216: Issue 1
Free access
Kimberley C W Wang Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Kimberley J Botting Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Song Zhang Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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I Caroline McMillen Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Doug A Brooks Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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Janna L Morrison Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

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factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R)-mediated Akt signaling as molecular foundations for the association between low birth weight and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Cardiomyocyte development during fetal life

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0039
Volume/Issue:
Volume 233: Issue 2
Free access
Rupasri Ain Institute of Maternal-Fetal Biology and Division of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA

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Lindsey N Canham Institute of Maternal-Fetal Biology and Division of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA

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Michael J Soares Institute of Maternal-Fetal Biology and Division of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA

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the Ser/Thr protein kinase, Akt (also called protein kinase B) ( Chan et al. 1999 , Datta et al. 1999 ). Akt activation can stimulate changes in gene transcription, cell survival, cell division, and cell differentiation. In the present

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06039
Volume/Issue:
Volume 185: Issue 2
Free access
Shi-Yan Li Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA

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Cindy X Fang Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA

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Nicholas S Aberle II Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA

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Bonnie H Ren Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA

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Asli F Ceylan-Isik Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA

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Jun Ren Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA

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be triggered by activation of its upstream molecules phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI-3) kinase and the serine/threonine kinase PKB/Akt ( Hornberger et al. 2004 , Oudit et al. 2004 ). Meanwhile, increased levels of nutrients, growth factors such as

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06168
Volume/Issue:
Volume 186: Issue 3
Free access
Manon M Roustit
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Joan M Vaughan Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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Pauline M Jamieson Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK

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Mark E Cleasby
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/2, AKT and PKCε activation ( Brar et al . 2002 , 2004 , Lawrence et al . 2005 ). UCN2 and CRFR2 are both expressed in mouse skeletal muscle ( Chen et al . 2004 , Keipert et al . 2013 ), where they inhibit atrophy and promote hypertrophy ( Hinkle

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0181
Volume/Issue:
Volume 223: Issue 2
Open access