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Nathalie Marissal-Arvy INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France

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Rachel Hamiani INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France

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Emmanuel Richard INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France

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Marie-Pierre Moisan INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France

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Véronique Pallet INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
INRA, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, INSERM, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR1286, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France

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particularly interested in the LOU/C-inbred rat strain, which was derived from the Wistar strain and has been described as a model of healthy ageing with a long life expectancy ( Alliot et al . 2002 ) and preserved memory capacities ( Kollen et al . 2010

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Sharon E Mitchell Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Ruben Nogueiras Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Kellie Rance Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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D Vernon Rayner Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Sharon Wood Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Carlos Dieguez Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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Lynda M Williams Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

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, the Lou/C rat is an inbred sub-strain, derived from the Wistar rat. It is reported to exhibit spontaneous caloric restriction, relatively high energy expenditure and a lower body weight, mainly due to lower levels of white adipose tissue (WAT

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Nathalie Marissal-Arvy
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Alexandra Gaumont
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Allan Langlois
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Fabrice Dabertrand
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Marion Bouchecareilh Laboratoire PsyNuGen, Laboratoire des Régulations Neuroendocriniennes, INRA UMR1286, CNRS UMR5226, Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France

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Claudine Tridon
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Pierre Mormede
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comparison of three inbred rat strains, Fischer 344 (F344), LOU/C (LOU), and Lewis (LEW). The F344 strain has been classically used as a model of HPA axis hyperactivity and hyperreactivity to stress, often in comparison with the LEW strain, of which the

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J Zhou
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ZM Kang
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QM Xie
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C Liu
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SJ Lou
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YZ Chen
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CL Jiang
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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely believed to work solely through genomic mechanisms. Recent evidence indicates that GCs can act at the membrane to exert rapid nongenomic effects on various tissues and cells. To ascertain whether nongenomic effects of GCs exist on the allergic asthma reaction, Hartley guinea pigs were sensitized with ovalbumin and challenged with the same antigen given by aerosol. Some animals received inhaled budesonide (3 mg/ml suspended in Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose vehicle) for 5 minutes before ovalbumin challenge; Other animals received saline or blank vehicle as control. We measured the changes of lung resistance and dynamic lung compliance, the pulmonary function used to evaluate allergic asthma severity. Inhaled budesonide inhibited allergic reaction within 10 minutes, which would preclude genomic-mediated responses that normally takes several hours to occur. This study infers for the first time that rapid nongenomic effect of GCs exists on allergic asthma reaction, and provides a new way to investigate nongenomic mechanism of GCs. Further study would raise the possibility of new therapeutic strategies for allergic disease including asthma.

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Limesand D-C Lin D Lin H Lin B Lindegaard A Lindqvist C Ling M Lisanti H Liu J Liu J L Liu M Liu R Liu T Liu Y Liu Z Liu H Lodish C Loffredo M Lokman M López D Lorton J Lou S Louey X-Y Lu S Lucas D Luciani

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Alfredo Leaños-Miranda Oregon National Primate Research Center and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Ginecobstetricia ‘Luis Castelazo Ayala’, IMSS, Río Magdalena 286-6 *piso, México 10101, Mexico
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

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Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre Oregon National Primate Research Center and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Ginecobstetricia ‘Luis Castelazo Ayala’, IMSS, Río Magdalena 286-6 *piso, México 10101, Mexico
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

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Laura A Cervini Oregon National Primate Research Center and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Ginecobstetricia ‘Luis Castelazo Ayala’, IMSS, Río Magdalena 286-6 *piso, México 10101, Mexico
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

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Jo Ann Janovick Oregon National Primate Research Center and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Ginecobstetricia ‘Luis Castelazo Ayala’, IMSS, Río Magdalena 286-6 *piso, México 10101, Mexico
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

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Jean Rivier Oregon National Primate Research Center and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Ginecobstetricia ‘Luis Castelazo Ayala’, IMSS, Río Magdalena 286-6 *piso, México 10101, Mexico
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

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P Michael Conn Oregon National Primate Research Center and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Hospital de Ginecobstetricia ‘Luis Castelazo Ayala’, IMSS, Río Magdalena 286-6 *piso, México 10101, Mexico
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

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only with the synthesis of cyclic GnRH analogues that a new family of GnRH partial agonists was discovered. This family encompasses sequences that are N- to C-terminally cyclized ( Rivier et al. 1986 ). In view of the fact that cyclization could bring

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Garam Yang Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

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Eunjeong Hong Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

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Sejong Oh Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

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Eungseok Kim Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

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relevance to in vivo diet-induced adipose insulin resistance . Cell Reports 5 259 – 270 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2013.08.039 ) Nin V Escande C Chini CC Giri S Camacho-Pereira J Matalonga J Lou Z & Chini EN 2012 Role of

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Chisato Katoh Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan

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Tomohiro Osanai Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan

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Hirofumi Tomita Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan

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Ken Okumura Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan

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, Tokyo, Japan. QIA shredder and RNeasy Protect Mini Kit were from Qiagen. TaqMan Reverse Transcription Reagent and TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix were from Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA. RIPA lysis buffer, anti-BNP antibody for the C

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Bo Qian Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Haiyan Wang Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Xiuli Men Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Wenjian Zhang Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Hanqing Cai Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Shiqing Xu Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Yaping Xu Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Liya Ye Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Claes B Wollheim Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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Jinning Lou Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China

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solution with 2 mg/ml collagenase type IV (Sigma) were injected into the pancreatic duct. After pancreatectomy, the pancreata were digested in a 37 °C water bath for 19 min. the isolated islets were further purified by Ficoll (Sigma) gradient centrifugation

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Rebecca McGirr Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

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Leonardo Guizzetti Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

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Savita Dhanvantari Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2
Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2
Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2
Metabolism and Diabetes and Imaging Programs, Departments of Medical Biophysics, Pathology, Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2

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1997 ). The presence of full-length PC1/3 with its C-terminal region intact is required for the processing of prorenin to renin in granules in AtT-20 cells ( Jutras et al . 1997 ). Without its lipid-binding C-terminal region ( Jutras et al . 2000

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