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Introduction Estrogens have crucial roles in an extensive range of physiological functions regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, development, homeostasis, and metabolism ( Mauvais-Jarvis 2011 ). Estrogen insufficiency is
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Introduction Estrogens (17β-estradiol, estrone and progesterone) control diverse reproductive system functions. Their participation in other physiological processes such as cognition ( Sherwin 1999 ), cardiovascular function ( Stevenson 2000
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-core granules. An interesting field of research is the study of the estrogen responsiveness of QSOX genes. Effects of the estrogen status on these enzymes are not well documented yet. The SOx-3 and Q6 genes have been shown to be down-regulated by
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Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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The Long Beach VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
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Introduction Estrogens are major regulators of skeletal growth and maintenance in both females and males ( Manolagas et al. 2013 , Vanderschueren et al. 2014 ). A decline in estrogen levels, as seen after menopause in women or after
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Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, Pediatrics, Microbiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Room K-701, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2307, USA
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-mediated transcriptional repression and growth suppression of prostate cancer cells require SIRT1 ( Dai et al . 2007 ). It had not yet been determined whether SIRT1 plays a similar role in the action of estrogen antagonists. We here show that SIRT1 is not required for
Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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Women’s Health Research Institute, Wyeth Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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2001 ). Although these gender differences are not fully understood, it is thought that sex hormonal influences on autoimmune disease may be involved. The disease modulating effects of estrogens in MS have been described. For example, clinical disease is
Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Albany Medical College,
Stratton VA Medical Center, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York 12208, USA
Taichung Poah-Ai Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Introduction Postmenopausal urinary bladder dysfunctions including recurrent urinary tract infection and incontinence may be associated with decreased serum estrogen ( Hu et al. 2004 , Tinelli et al. 2005 ). One mechanism that
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, DISCAFF, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Introduction It is largely known that the regulatory roles of estrogen extend well beyond the reproductive system. In all tissues and cell types, estrogen exerts its actions by interacting with two specific receptor subtypes, α and β (ERs). These
Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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Bovine Functional Genomics Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
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estrogenic compound ( Wallace 1953 ). These observations suggest that the effects of ovaries on the developing PAR are mediated by estrogen. The estrogen effects are mediated predominantly by the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the mammary gland ( Couse
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Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Introduction Estrogens and progestogens are the main female sexual hormones, both mainly synthesized and secreted to the blood by the ovaries (under pituitary control) and placenta and produced by the adrenal glands in both males and females