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Christina Antza Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Georgios Kostopoulos Department of Endocrinology, 424 General Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Samiul Mostafa Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

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Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Abd Tahrani Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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infraction, cerebral infraction, diabetes), (13) total calorie intake, (14) depression and other mental disorders, (15) sleep-related disorders (insomnia, snoring), (16) use of hypnotic drugs, (17) postmenopausal hormone medications, (18) family history of

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Nicole G Barra Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Fernando F Anhê Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Joseph F Cavallari Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Anita M Singh Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Darryl Y Chan Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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Jonathan D Schertzer Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

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excess status linked to T2DM Supplementation:  ↓BW, adiposity, liver weight  ↑blood thyroid hormone (TSH, TT3, FT3, FT4) High I dose:  Pancreatic destruction, hyperglycemia  Impair beta cell insulin secretion, apoptosis Selenium (Se) Male: 55 µg

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Andre Sarmento-Cabral Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mercedes del Rio-Moreno Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mari C Vazquez-Borrego Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Mariyah Mahmood Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Elena Gutierrez-Casado Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Natalie Pelke Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Grace Guzman Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Papasani V Subbaiah Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Jose Cordoba-Chacon Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Shoshana Yakar Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA

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Rhonda D Kineman Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago and Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Introduction In the healthy liver, hepatocyte growth hormone receptor (GHR)-signaling activates multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways to modulate hepatic function ( Dehkhoda et al. 2018 ). It is well accepted that GH signals

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Yanli Miao Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Haojie Qin Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Yi Zhong Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Kai Huang Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Caijun Rao Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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orexigenic hormone that increases appetite and ultimately leads to obesity and weight gain ( Duerrschmid et al. 2017 ). However, its metabolic regulation on adipose tissue itself has not been studied. Our findings indicated that the expression of asprosin

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Marion Régnier UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, WELBIO – Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium

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Matthias Van Hul UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, WELBIO – Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium

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Claude Knauf Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, INSERM U1220, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD), CHU Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium

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Patrice D Cani UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, WELBIO – Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Brussels, Belgium
European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium

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intestinal homeostasis (gut microbiota composition and gut barrier function) directly or indirectly (via microbial-produced metabolites) disturbs the production and secretion of gut endocrine hormones, thereby triggering metabolic diseases ( Fig. 2 ). The

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Lei Du State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Yang Wang State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Cong-Rong Li State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Liang-Jian Chen State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Jin-Yang Cai State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zheng-Rong Xia Analysis and Test Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Wen-Tao Zeng Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zi-Bin Wang Analysis and Test Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Xi-Chen Chen Analysis and Test Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Fan Hu State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Dong Zhang State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Xiao-Wei Xing The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

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Zhi-Xia Yang State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Introduction As a core reproductive organ, the ovary has two unique functions: producing mature oocytes for fertilization and secreting sex hormones for maintaining the normal activities of multiple organs, including itself. The normal

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Wenjuan Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Harry Kevin Lau Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Dong Ok Son Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Tianru Jin Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Research Institutes, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Yehong Yang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Zhaoyun Zhang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Yiming Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Gerald J Prud’homme Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Qinghua Wang Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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the β-cell mass and provide improved treatments for T1D and T2D subjects. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from gastrointestinal L cells in response to food ingestion, and has been currently used for the treatment of T2

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Robin Kristófi Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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Jan W Eriksson Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

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levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). In addition, levels of the anti-inflammatory adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin increased and signs of endothelial dysfunction improved

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Sarah J Richardson Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre for Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (IBCS), University of Exeter, RILD Level 4, Exeter, UK

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Alberto Pugliese Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA

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, and evidence of impaired proinsulin hormone processing within the remaining beta cells. In these patients, proinsulin is found in mature granules, colocalizing with the processed insulin. Similar observations in terms of proinsulin were made in the

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