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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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8–9 h/night in 1960 to 7 h/night in 1995 ( Van Cauter & Knutson 2008 ). The prevalence of short sleep duration was reported as 45% in the United States in 2014, with a third of US adults not getting enough sleep (<7 h/night), which led the Centre for
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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-stimulating hormone. These fluctuations lead to irregularities in the menstrual cycle and induce vasomotor symptoms, along with changes in mood, sleep, and sexual function ( El Khoudary et al. 2019 ). Also common during the menopausal transition are weight gain and
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Physiology 264 R376 – R387 . Gangwisch JE Heymsfield SB Boden-Albala B Buijs RM Kreier F Pickering TG Rundle AG Zammit GK Malaspina D 2006 Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the first National Health
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of 25OHD concentrations were associated with shorter sleep duration (<8 h) in female teenagers. In this study, sleep duration was assessed by self-administered questionnaires, which only provide subjective information about the sleep pattern of
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, recurrent and persistent changes are those that occur over the 24-h solar cycle. As we engage with the world during daytime wakefulness and then withdraw from it during nocturnal sleep, our bodies alternate between catabolic and anabolic states, thereby
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(reviewed in Skene & Arendt (2006) ). Compared with core body temperature and cortisol rhythms, melatonin is least affected by activity, sleep, meals and stress. The timing of the rhythm can be measured by estimating the time of melatonin onset, peak or
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such conditions, behavioral (sleep–wake and feeding–fasting), endocrine, and metabolic cycles persist in both humans and rodent models (with periodicities slightly longer and shorter than 24 h respectively) ( Aschoff 1965 , Pittendrigh & Daan 1976
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Division of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA Departments of
Division of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA Departments of
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Division of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA Departments of
Division of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA Departments of
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adaptation to the seasonal variations that occur in a natural environment throughout the year. It is well established that circadian rhythms are intrinsic to a wide range of body functions, including the sleep–wake cycle, metabolism, immune response, and
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histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate solution (HTK) are the most frequently used preservation solutions ( Table 1 ). Euro-Collins solution was the first used, which does not contain oncotic agents but does contain glucose (impermeable to renal cells for short
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and short varieties, which result from differential splicing of a single gene transcript ( Bignon et al. 1997 ). These splice variants differ in their intracellular signalling regions, but have identical extracellular domains. In addition, studies