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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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prevalence, sleep insufficiency has become part of the modern lifestyle, across all age groups ( Gangwisch et al. 2005 , Basch et al. 2014 , Owens et al. 2014 , Gordon et al. 2019 , Toyoura et al. 2020 ). The average sleep duration dropped from
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ABSTRACT
The onset of puberty is characterized by a sleep-associated increase in pulsatile LH secretion which is not observed in adults. The ontogeny of gonadotrophin secretion during pubertal maturation may reflect changes in endogenous LHRH secretion, pituitary sensitivity to LHRH and/or alterations in gonadal steroid feedback. To understand the interplay between these mechanisms, we have examined the pulsatile pattern of plasma LH, FSH, testosterone, oestradiol and prolactin between 20.00 and 09.00 h and the pituitary response to repeated exogenous LHRH stimulation in 16 boys with delayed puberty (age 16·3±2·7 (s.e.m.) years) on one to four occasions in a mixed longitudinal/cross-sectional analysis. Physical maturity was determined by Tanner G staging (1–5) and clinical progress followed for a mean duration of 22·4 ± 8·5 months during which 33 hormone profiles were obtained.
Nocturnal (23.00–09.00 h) LH pulse frequency increased to a peak of 0·54±0·03/h at stage 2 which was followed by a gradual decline to 0·42 ± 0·04/h at stage 5. The appearance of LH pulses in the evening (20.00–23.00 h), probably representative of the rest of the day, was delayed until mid-puberty from which point frequency increased to a peak of 0·53 ±0·08/h at stage 5. LH pulse amplitude showed a linear increase from stages 1 to 5, with nocturnal pulse amplitudes being higher than evening pulses throughout. FSH did not show a clear pulsatile pattern. The LH: FSH ratio reversed from < 1 to > 1 at stage 2. The LH response to exogenous LHRH increased in parallel with LH pulse amplitude. There was no difference in the pattern of LH response to repeated LHRH stimulation as puberty advanced; the first stimulus always elicited a greater response than subsequent doses. In contrast, the FSH response to LHRH was maximal at stage 1 and became attenuated thereafter. The estimated mean nocturnal LHRH concentration or amplitude did not show any increase during pubertal maturation from 20·42±11·57 at stage 1 to 35·96 ± 20·83 ng/l at stage 5.
In conclusion, the sequential changes in this study suggest that the sleep-entrained increase in LHRH pulse frequency plays a key role at the onset of puberty. By enhancing pituitary responsiveness and setting in motion a cascade of events, this peripubertal augmentation of LHRH pulse frequency can account for most of the subsequent changes in LH, FSH and testosterone secretion during pubertal development in the male without any apparent alteration in LHRH pulse amplitude.
Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 347–359
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to minimise sleep debt, volunteers were asked to maintain a self-selected regular sleep–wake cycle with a sleep duration of 7.5 or 8 h for 8 days prior to the laboratory study (bed time 23.3±0.5 h (mean± s.d. ), range 22–24 h, wake up time 7.2±0.5 h
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of 25OHD concentrations were associated with shorter sleep duration (<8 h) in female teenagers. In this study, sleep duration was assessed by self-administered questionnaires, which only provide subjective information about the sleep pattern of
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metabolism ( Knutson & Van Cauter 2008 , Qian et al. 2016 ). Several studies have demonstrated that behavioral interventions for optimizing sleep duration improve glucose metabolism; however, it remains uncertain whether drug treatment of insomnia could
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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sleep health. Assessment of salivary OT in cancer survivors found that low OT levels were associated with more self-reported sleep problems, such as insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, and insufficient sleep duration ( Lipschitz
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treatment of circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders. Melatonin as an endocrine calendar The 24-h melatonin signal not only represents endogenous circadian time but also encodes seasonal information. Specifically, the duration of elevated melatonin
Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, with an estimated prevalence of 3–7% for adult men and 2–5% for adult women in the general population ( Punjabi 2008 ). It is associated with intermittent upper airway obstruction and
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, recurrent and persistent changes are those that occur over the 24-h solar cycle. As we engage with the world during daytime wakefulness and then withdraw from it during nocturnal sleep, our bodies alternate between catabolic and anabolic states, thereby
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-Louis G Brown CD Ogedegbe G Boutin-Foster C McFarlane SI 2010 Sleep duration and the risk of diabetes mellitus: epidemiologic evidence and pathophysiologic insights . Current Diabetes Reports 10 43 – 47 . ( doi:10.1007/s11892-009-0082-x
