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Amanda L Patterson Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA

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Jamieson Pirochta Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA

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Stephanie Y Tufano Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA

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Jose M Teixeira Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA

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early pregnancy ( Parr & McMahon 1998 , Vainio et al . 1999 , Mericskay et al . 2004 , Dunlap et al . 2011 , Franco et al . 2011 , Prunskaite-Hyyrylainen et al . 2016 ). β-Catenin, which is the downstream effector of canonical WNT signaling, is

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Diego Safian Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Jan Bogerd Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rüdiger W Schulz Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology , Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway

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-canonical pathways. The former is also referred to as β-catenin-dependent pathway and relies on inhibiting the β-catenin destruction complex ( Salic et al. 2000 ), thereby increasing the levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin ( Nusse 1999 ). After its translocation into

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Tatiana Dorfman Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Yulia Pollak Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Rima Sohotnik Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Arnold G Coran Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Jacob Bejar Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Igor Sukhotnik Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Laboratory of Intestinal Adaptation and Recovery, Departments of Pediatric Surgery B, Pathology, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

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Introduction Growing evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is implicated in regulation of adipogenesis, insulin resistance, pancreatic function, and inflammation ( Almario & Karakas 2015 ). Wnt/β-catenin signaling includes β-catenin

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Vinay Shukla Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India

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Jyoti Bala Kaushal Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India

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Pushplata Sankhwar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

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Murli Manohar Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India

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Anila Dwivedi Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CDRI Campus, Lucknow, India

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. 2012 , Su et al. 2015 ). During decidualization, cytoskeletal remodeling drives the morphologic transformation of ESCs into decidual cells ( Yen et al. 2017 ). Dysregulated β-catenin activity in the stroma affects stromal decidualization in mice

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Virginia Rider Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Kazuto Isuzugawa Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Meryl Twarog Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Stacy Jones Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Brent Cameron Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Kazuhiko Imakawa Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Jianwen Fang Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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G1 transit ( Diehl et al. 1998 ). Secondly, GSK-3β is one component of a multimeric complex containing several proteins including axin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and β-catenin. Activation of the wingless (Wnt) signal transduction pathway

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Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, Birth Defects Research Centre, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH London, UK

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human ACP revealed an association with mutations in CTNNB1 , the gene that encodes β-catenin, a central regulator of the Wnt pathway ( Sekine et al . 2002 , Kato et al . 2004 , Buslei et al . 2005 , Oikonomou et al . 2005 , Brastianos et al

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Weijuan Shao Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Wenjuan Liu Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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Ping Liang Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherine, Canada

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Zhuolun Song Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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Odisho Israel Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

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Gerald J Prud’homme Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada

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Qinghua Wang Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada

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Tianru Jin Divsion of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

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TxNIP knockout mice are resistant to STZ-induced diabetes ( Chen et al. 2008 ). In the current study, we found that the feature of attenuating TxNIP in response to HG challenge by GLP-1 is shared by GABA, with cAMP-β-catenin activation as the common

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Won Bae Kim Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Christopher J Lewis Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Kelly D McCall Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Ramiro Malgor Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Aimee D Kohn Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Randall T Moon Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Leonard D Kohn Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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spatially restricted, yet dynamic expression pattern, both in embryos and adults, and ii) to be powerful regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation ( Moon et al. 2004 ). A central player in Wnt-signaling pathways is β-catenin ( Nelson & Nusse

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Richard C Lindsey Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA

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Catrina Godwin Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA

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Subburaman Mohan Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California, USA
Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA

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-PAGE gels for immunoblotting on PVDF membranes. Membranes were probed with antibodies specific for β-catenin (C7207, Sigma-Aldrich), histone 3 (H0164, Sigma-Aldrich) and β-actin (A5441, Sigma-Aldrich) before chemiluminescent imaging and quantitation with

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Pearl P Y Lie Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Weiliang Xia Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Claire Q F Wang Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Dolores D Mruk Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Helen H N Yan Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Ching-hang Wong Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Will M Lee Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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C Yan Cheng Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Department of Zoology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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nutrient provision to germ cells via endocytosis ( Kamitani et al. 2002 ). In this report, we have examined the possible role of dynamin II in BTB dynamics via its specific interactions with the occludin/ZO-1 and the N-cadherin/β-catenin protein complexes

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