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Se-Min Kim The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Farhath Sultana The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Steven Sims The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Judit Gimenez-Roig The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Victoria Laurencin The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Anusha Pallapati The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Satish Rojekar The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Tal Frolinger The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Weibin Zhou The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Anisa Gumerova The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Anne Macdonald The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Vitaly Ryu The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Daria Lizneva The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Funda Korkmaz The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Tony Yuen The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Mone Zaidi The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Medicine, and Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, USA

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Introduction Two gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, namely, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), along with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as their respective receptors, exhibit

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Juliana I Candelaria Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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Maria B Rabaglino Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

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Anna C Denicol Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA

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Introduction Ovarian antral follicles require gonadotropin stimulation for development and ovulation whereas preantral follicles seem capable of development in the absence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH

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Li Zhang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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XiaoXin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Xuejing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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Yu Lu State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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Lei Li State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

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Sheng Cui State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China

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estradiol synthesis, such as the pituitary gonadotropin, including the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) ( Frishman et al. 1992 ). MicroRNA (miRNA) are conserved, short non-coding RNAs (19-25bp) that act as important

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Chirine Toufaily Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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Gauthier Schang Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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Xiang Zhou Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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Philipp Wartenberg Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany

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Ulrich Boehm Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany

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John P Lydon Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Ferdinand Roelfsema Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

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Daniel J Bernard Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

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morning) by cardiac puncture, allowed to clot for 30 min at room temperature, and spun down at 850  g for 10 min to collect serum. Sera were stored at −20°C until assayed for LH and FSH. To assess LH pulsatility in males, four microliters of blood were

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Yuta Kasahara Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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Hiroshi Kishi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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Ryo Yokomizo Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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Aikou Okamoto Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

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from 0 to 20 mM significantly increased the basal aromatization of androstenedione to estrogens, although in the same concentration range ethanol did not produce consistent changes in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated E 2 secretion ( Saxena

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Xiang Zhou Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Ying Wang Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Luisina Ongaro Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Ulrich Boehm Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany

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Vesa Kaartinen Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Yuji Mishina Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

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Daniel J Bernard Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
Centre for Research in Reproduction and Development, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

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Introduction The pituitary glycoprotein follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is an essential regulator of ovarian function and testicular development in mammals. FSH synthesis by pituitary gonadotrope cells is primarily stimulated by

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Sergio A Arispe Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA

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Betty Adams Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA

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Thomas E Adams Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA

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gonadotropic hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which have important roles in reproduction. Specifically, in females FSH stimulates follicular growth and maturation, whereas LH promotes steroidogenesis and ovulation

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Yan Wang Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

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Mengqi Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

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Zhikun Huan Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

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Shanshan Shao Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

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Xiujuan Zhang Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

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Dehuan Kong Department of Endocrinology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong Province, China

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Jin Xu Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China

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of OA have been linked to the decrease in estrogen that occurs with the onset of menopause ( Martin-Millan & Castaneda 2013 ). Although FSH levels increase in parallel, the effect of FSH on cartilage and chondrocytes has never been explored. FSH is

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Joseph Aizen The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Lian Hollander-Cohen The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Michal Shpilman The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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Berta Levavi-Sivan The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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(Fsh) stimulates the recruitment and growth of early follicles and activates the synthesis and uptake of vitellogenin by E2 secretion, whereas luteinizing hormone (Lh) promotes final follicular maturation via the secretion of DHP (reviewed by Levavi

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Sarah J Meachem Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development

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Saleela M Ruwanpura Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development

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Jessica Ziolkowski Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development

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Jacquelyn M Ague Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development

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Michael K Skinner Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development

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Kate L Loveland Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development

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spermatogenic wave are under investigation and appear to be influenced by a complex network of interacting signals. It is known that pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) exerts its effects on the developing germ cells indirectly, as only the

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