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Monisha Rajasekaran Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea

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Ok-Joo Sul Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea

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Eun-Kyung Choi Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea

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Ji-Eun Kim Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea

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Jae-Hee Suh Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea

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Hye-Seon Choi Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea

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Introduction Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes and memory T cells via the binding of its receptor, CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2). CCR2 belongs to the G-protein-coupled seven

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Sachie Asamizu 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Masaharu Urakaze 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Chikaaki Kobashi 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Manabu Ishiki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Amal Khalifa Norel Din 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Shiho Fujisaka 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Yukiko Kanatani 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Agussalim Bukahari 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Satoko Senda 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Hikari Suzuki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Yuh Yamazaki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Minoru Iwata 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Isao Usui 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Katsuya Yamazaki 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Hiroshi Ogawa 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Masashi Kobayashi 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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Kazuyuki Tobe 1st Department of Medicine, Toyama University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama-shi 930-0194, Japan

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infiltrated macrophages in visceral adipose tissue through various inflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; Hotamisligil 2006 ), interleukin-6 (IL-6; Fernandez-Real & Ricart 2003 ), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1

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Stephanie R Thorn
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Stig Purup Department of Animal Science, Department of Animal Health, Cornell University, 259 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

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Mogens Vestergaard Department of Animal Science, Department of Animal Health, Cornell University, 259 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

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Kris Sejrsen Department of Animal Science, Department of Animal Health, Cornell University, 259 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA

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Matthew J Meyer
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Micheal E Van Amburgh
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Yves R Boisclair
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factor β (TGFβ1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1; Tilg & Moschen 2006 ). TGFβ1 reduces serum-stimulated proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells ( Woodward et al . 1995 , Purup et al

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Camilla Alexanderson
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Elias Eriksson Department of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Box 434, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden

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Elisabet Stener-Victorin
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Malin Lönn Department of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Box 434, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden

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Agneta Holmäng
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plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) at 9 weeks of age and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM 1) at 12 weeks of age. At 14–16 weeks of age, insulin sensitivity was measured with a

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Eriko Inoue Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Toshihiro Ichiki Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Kotaro Takeda Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Hirohide Matsuura Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Toru Hashimoto Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Jiro Ikeda Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Aya Kamiharaguchi Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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Kenji Sunagawa Departments of, Cardiovascular Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan

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, which is one of the causes of insulin resistance ( Savage et al . 2007 ). The hypertrophied adipocytes produce proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1 (CCL2)) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as obesity progresses

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J Hoppmann
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N Perwitz
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B Meier
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M Fasshauer Department of Internal Medicine I, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany

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D Hadaschik
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H Lehnert
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J Klein
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disease in humans ( Kern et al . 2001 , Pradhan et al . 2001 , Mertens & Van Gaal 2002 , Spranger et al . 2003 ). The pro-inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1 or CCL2 as listed in the MGI Database) which is elevated in obesity

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Miriam Thomalla Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Andreas Schmid Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Elena Neumann Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Petra Ina Pfefferle Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

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Ulf Müller-Ladner Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Andreas Schäffler Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Thomas Karrasch Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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adipocytes, cells were harvested and mRNA was isolated applying RNeasy Mini Kit according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Quantification of adiponectin, GLUT1, GLUT4, IL-6, MCP-1 and TLR9 mRNA expression in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and ex

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Yu Wu Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Tingting Wu Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Jun Wu Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Lei Zhao Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Qing Li Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Zac Varghese Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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John F Moorhead Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Stephen H Powis Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Yaxi Chen Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xiong Z Ruan Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Bio-Rad Mini Protean apparatus and then transferred to a PVDF membrane. The membrane was blocked with 5% (w/v) non-fat dried milk and incubated with primary antibodies (anti-TNFα, anti-MCP1, anti-insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), anti-IRS2, anti

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Irene Andrés-Blasco Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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Andrea Herrero-Cervera Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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Ángela Vinué Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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Sergio Martínez-Hervás Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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Laura Piqueras Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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María Jesús Sanz Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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Deborah Jane Burks Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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Herminia González-Navarro Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department Clinic Hospital and Department of Medicine, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Department of Farmacology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, Spain

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, Samuel & Shulman 2012 ). Moreover, excess fat in adipocytes, which occurs in overweight and obesity, aggravates fatty liver disease by increasing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as MCP1, IL-6 and TNFα ( Sahini & Borlak 2014 ). Of note, one

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K Alexander H Iwen Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Oezge Senyaman Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Arne Schwartz Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Maren Drenckhan Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Britta Meier Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Dirk Hadaschik Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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Johannes Klein Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

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described in Materials and Methods. A bar graph analysis of four independent experiments is shown. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01. By contrast, pro-inflammatory adipokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-6 were up-regulated by ACTH treatment. MCP-1

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