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Diego Safian Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Najoua Ryane Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Jan Bogerd Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands

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Rüdiger W Schulz Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
Reproduction and Developmental Biology Group, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway

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, including genes belonging to the Wnt pathway ( Crespo et al. 2016 ). The Wnt signaling system is a conserved cell-to-cell communication system that consists of several Wnt ligands and receptors. This system operates in branches that differ in their

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Claes Ohlsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Petra Henning Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin H Nilsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Jianyao Wu Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Karin L Gustafsson Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Klara Sjögren Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Anna Törnqvist Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Antti Koskela Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Fu-Ping Zhang Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Marie K Lagerquist Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Matti Poutanen Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

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Juha Tuukkanen Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

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Ulf H Lerner Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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Sofia Movérare-Skrtic Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

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bone mass. Several large scale human genetic studies have demonstrated that the WNT16 locus is reproducibly associated with cortical bone thickness, bone mineral density and non-vertebral fractures ( Estrada et al . 2012 , Medina-Gomez et al

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Yarikipati Prathibha Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

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Introduction Ovarian development is regulated by various signaling pathways along with other growth factors. Wnt/Frizzled pathways play an important role in ovarian embryogenesis, folliculogenesis and possibly ovulation and luteinization in

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Virginia Rider Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Alex Talbott Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Anuradha Bhusri Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Zach Krumsick Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Sierra Foster Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Joshua Wormington Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA

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Bruce F Kimler Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA

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, Wang et al. 2013 ). WNT glycoproteins comprise a family of at least 19 ligands that bind to G-protein-coupled frizzled receptors and two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein co-receptors ( Paul & Dey 2008 , Sonderegger et al . 2010

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Weihua Liu Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Yuqiang Ji Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Haiping Chu Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Mo Wang Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Bin Yang Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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Chunyan Yin Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China

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, Bilkovski et al. 2011 ). Many signal molecules of the Wnt signaling pathway play an essential role in metabolism regulation and tissue inflammation. Wnt/β-Catenin and Wnt/Ca 2+ maintain proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors ( Schulte et al

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Won Bae Kim Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Christopher J Lewis Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Kelly D McCall Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Ramiro Malgor Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Aimee D Kohn Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Randall T Moon Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Leonard D Kohn Edison Biotechnology Institute and College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
The Department of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA

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Introduction Wnt proteins are major signaling molecules involved in embryonic induction, generation of cell polarity, and cell fate decisions, as evidenced in studies with C. elegans , Drosophila , and mice ( Cadigan & Nusse 1997

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Hannah J Welters
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Alina Oknianska
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Kai S Erdmann Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Department of Biochemistry II, Institut fuer Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung), Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, John Bull Building, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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Gerhart U Ryffel Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Department of Biochemistry II, Institut fuer Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung), Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, John Bull Building, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK

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Noel G Morgan
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conditions with SB216763 (Sigma) or purified Wnt3a (R&D systems, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK) to activate Wnt signalling. Creation of PTP-BL conditionally expressing INS-1 cells cDNA encoding human WT PTP-BL or PTP-BL-CS (which contains a point mutation leading

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Mi-Hyun Kim
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Jae-Hwan Jee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea

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Sunyoung Park
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Myung-Shik Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea

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Kwang-Won Kim Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea

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Moon-Kyu Lee Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea

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indicate that the action of metformin on the gut endocrine system may be L-cell-specific and, more precisely, GLP1-specific, and may be distinct from DPP4 inhibition. Recently, it has been reported that the insulin and Wnt signaling pathways converge their

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Emily G Farrow
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Lelia J Summers
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Susan C Schiavi Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Genzyme, Oregon Health and Science University, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB130, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA

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James A McCormick Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Genzyme, Oregon Health and Science University, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB130, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA

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David H Ellison Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Genzyme, Oregon Health and Science University, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 West Walnut Street, IB130, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA

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Kenneth E White
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renal Wnt signaling To screen for novel pathways involved in renal FGF23-dependent signaling, PCR-based array technology was utilized in initial experiments. This Pathway-Finder array contains primers recognizing 84 genes from 18 signaling pathways

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Virginia Rider Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Kazuto Isuzugawa Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Meryl Twarog Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Stacy Jones Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Brent Cameron Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Kazuhiko Imakawa Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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Jianwen Fang Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, USA
Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

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G1 transit ( Diehl et al. 1998 ). Secondly, GSK-3β is one component of a multimeric complex containing several proteins including axin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and β-catenin. Activation of the wingless (Wnt) signal transduction pathway

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