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Nicoleta C Olarescu Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway
Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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Darlene E Berryman Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway
Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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Lara A Householder Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway
Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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Ellen R Lubbers Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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Edward O List Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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Fabian Benencia Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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John J Kopchick Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway
Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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Jens Bollerslev Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway
Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, N‐0424 Oslo, Norway

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2003 , Stewart et al . 2004 ). When interpreting the discrepant results of the effect of GH on adipogenesis, one should take into account that: i) genuine variance exists between the response of primary cells and the response of cell lines to GH

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Lili Men Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Junjie Yao Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Shanshan Yu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Yu Li Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Siyuan Cui Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Shi Jin Department of Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Guixin Zhang Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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Decheng Ren Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Jianling Du Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China

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basis of adipogenesis is important for controlling obesity. Adipogenesis is the process during which fibroblast-like preadipocytes develop into mature adipocytes. This process involves a few stages, including mesenchymal precursors, committed

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Xiong Weng Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Hao Jiang Gene Expression and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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David J Walker Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Houjiang Zhou MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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De Lin Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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Jing Wang Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

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Li Kang Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK

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diet-induced obese mice ( Kodama et al . 2015 ). These studies highlight that CD44 has critical roles in regulating adipose tissue function during obesity. Adipocytes are essential in maintaining adipose tissue function, and adipogenesis and insulin

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Yanli Miao Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Haojie Qin Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Yi Zhong Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Kai Huang Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Caijun Rao Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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.01 and *** P < 0.001 compared to the control group. n.s. means no statistical significance. A full color version of this figure is available at https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0503. Asprosin promotes adipogenesis in primary adipocytes in

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Kevin J P Ryan Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK

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Zoe C T R Daniel Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK

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Lucinda J L Craggs Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK

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Tim Parr Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK

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John M Brameld Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics LE12 5RD, UK

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transdifferentiate towards the adipogenic lineage ( Hu et al . 1995 , Grimaldi et al . 1997 , Holst et al . 2003 , Seale et al . 2008 , Vettor et al . 2009 ). Previous work has shown that VitD has potent effects on both adipogenesis ( Ishida et al . 1988

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Min Liu Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Shuo Xie Department of Geriatric Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China

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Weiwei Liu Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Jingjin Li Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Chao Li Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Wei Huang Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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Hexin Li Biological Sample Management Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

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Jinghai Song Department of Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

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Hong Zhang Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

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lipogenesis and adipogenesis ( Musso et al . 2013 ). Adipose tissue includes adipocytes and a stromal-vascular fraction comprising preadipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, and other immune cells. There are generally two types of adipose

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Elena Maneschi
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Linda Vignozzi
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Annamaria Morelli Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Tommaso Mello Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Sandra Filippi Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Ilaria Cellai
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Paolo Comeglio
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Erica Sarchielli Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Alessandra Calcagno Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Benedetta Mazzanti Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Roberto Vettor Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Gabriella Barbara Vannelli Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Luciano Adorini Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy

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Mario Maggi
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from MetS animals was also dysfunctional, being characterized by insulin-resistant preadipocytes with impaired triglyceride synthesis and adipogenesis ( Maneschi et al . 2012 ). OCA dosing in MetS rabbits not only prevents HFD-induced VAT expansion

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Min Lu Department of Medicine, Molecular, Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1055, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA Departments of

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Reigh-Yi Lin Department of Medicine, Molecular, Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1055, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA Departments of
Department of Medicine, Molecular, Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1055, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA Departments of
Department of Medicine, Molecular, Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1055, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA Departments of
Department of Medicine, Molecular, Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1055, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA Departments of

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-containing adipose cells. To determine whether TSH plays a critical role in adipogenesis, we investigated i) whether the expression and function of TSHR in ES cell-derived adipocytes correlates with cellular differentiation and ii) whether TSH can replace adipogenic

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Qinghua Wang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China

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Jing Tang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Shujun Jiang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Zan Huang State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Anying Song State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Siyuan Hou State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Xiang Gao State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

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Hai-Bin Ruan Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

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( Ouchi et al. 2011 ). Adipocyte hyperplasia, or adipogenesis, is the process of adipocyte differentiation from pre-adipocytes, which reside in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of WAT ( Rosen & MacDougald 2006 , Gesta et al. 2007 , Tran & Kahn

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Lei Zhang School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK

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Carol Paddon School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK

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Mark D Lewis School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK

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Fiona Grennan-Jones School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK

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Marian Ludgate School of Medicine, Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK

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preadipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) use agents to increase cAMP. Furthermore, studies in the 3T3L1 murine preadipocytes, the cell line that has been central in unravelling the complex mechanisms driving adipogenesis, indicated that treatment with

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