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Federico Gatto Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Rob van der Pas Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Peter van Koetsveld Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Eleonora Bruzzone Department of Internal Medicine and & Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

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Marica Arvigo Department of Internal Medicine and & Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

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Fadime Dogan Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Steven Lamberts Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Diego Ferone Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine and & Medical Specialties (DIMI) and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

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Leo Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Pituitary Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

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Introduction The presence of an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (corticotroph adenoma) in the anterior or intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland is the cause of Cushing’s disease (CD), a severe systemic condition characterized by a chronic

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P. J. Coates
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I. Doniach
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C. Wells
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A. C. Hale
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L. H. Rees
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G. M. Besser
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ABSTRACT

The presence of immunoreactive (ir)-α-MSH has been investigated by immunocytochemistry in 24 pituitary adenomas and one case of corticotroph hyperplasia causing Cushing's disease, in four adenomas causing Nelson's syndrome, and in ten 'silent' corticotroph adenomas. It was found that a high proportion of these adenomas have a population of cells containing ir-α-MSH in addition to ir-ACTH. In some instances, these adenomas were clearly not associated with the residual intermediate lobe of the pituitary. Radioimmunoassay of plasma from patients with Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome showed elevated levels of ir-α-MSH in the majority of cases. Characterization of the ir-α-MSH in adenoma cells by immunocytochemistry, using an antiserum selective for acetylated forms of α-MSH, suggested that only the desacetyl form was present in each case examined. High-performance liquid chromatography of adenoma tissue extracts revealed material co-eluting with acetylated forms of α-MSH in only one of six cases. These results have been compared with corticotroph adenomas in animal pituitary glands, and it is concluded that the presence of α-MSH peptides cannot be used as a marker for intermediate lobe tumours, and that desacetyl α-MSH is commonly produced by corticotroph adenomas.

Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 531–536

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A Fratticci Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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F A Grieco Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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C Spilioti Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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F Giangaspero Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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L Ventura Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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V Esposito Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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M Piccirilli Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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A Santoro Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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A Gulino Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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G Cantore Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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E Alesse Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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M L Jaffrain-Rea Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2 - 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Viale dell’Università, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
Pathology, S Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Coppito, 67 100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
Departments of Neurological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto 1°, Via Regina Margherita, 00161 Roma (RM), Italy
Fondazione ‘Carlo Ferri’, Via E. Riva 42, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy

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differentiation of neuroblastoma cells ( Cho et al. 2001 , Kim et al. 2002 ). In human pituitary tumours, NeuroD1 is expressed by corticotroph adenomas and also by most non-secreting adenomas ( Oyama et al. 2001 , Ferretti et al. 2003 ), with a possible

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Marta Labeur Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Damian Refojo Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Barbara Wölfel Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Johanna Stalla Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Vivian Vargas Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Marily Theodoropoulou Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Michael Buchfelder Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Marcelo Paez-Pereda Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Eduardo Arzt Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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Günter K Stalla Department of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Inflammatory Disorders of the CNS at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosurgery, Affectis Pharmaceuticals, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Department of Molecular Neurogenetics

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the corticotropinoma cells may account for the different response to IFNG on ACTH production, the expression of IFN-γR1 and 2 in corticotroph adenoma tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. IFN-γR1 and 2 expression in human adult normal pituitary

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Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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Márta Korbonits Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

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a gain-of-function mutation in the GNAS ( Landis et al . 1989 ) and USP8 ( Ma et al . 2015 , Reincke et al . 2015 ) genes in a significant proportion of somatotroph and corticotroph adenomas, while amplification in PIK3CA could be a

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Lei Ye Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Xiaoying Li Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Xiangyin Kong Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Weiqing Wang Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Yufang Bi Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Landian Hu Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Bin Cui Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Xi Li Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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Guang Ning Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Health Science Center, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China

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and normal lung lacking POMC expression, whereas hypomethylation was identified in the DMS-79 cell line, bronchial carcinoids and pituitary corticotroph adenoma expressing POMC ( Newell-Price et al. 2001 ). Usually the methylated CpG islands in the

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Sunita M C De Sousa Endocrine & Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
South Australian Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Nèle F Lenders Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Lydia S Lamb Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Warrick J Inder Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Academy for Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

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Ann McCormack Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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and mitotic count were retained but with emphasis placed on ‘higher-risk’ histological types: silent corticotroph adenoma, PIT-1 positive plurihormonal adenoma, sparsely granulated somatotroph adenoma, lactotroph adenoma in men and Crooke’s cell

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Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain

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Esther Rivero-Cortés Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain

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Mari C Vázquez-Borrego Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain

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Manuel D Gahete Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain

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Luis Jiménez-Reina Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain

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Eva Venegas-Moreno Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Seville, Spain

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Andrés de la Riva Service of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain

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Miguel Ángel Arráez Neurosurgical Department, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Inmaculada González-Molero Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Herbert A Schmid Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland

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Silvia Maraver-Selfa Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain

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Inmaculada Gavilán-Villarejo Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain

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Juan Antonio García-Arnés Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain

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Miguel A Japón Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain

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Alfonso Soto-Moreno Metabolism and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Seville, Spain

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María A Gálvez Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain

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Raúl M Luque Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain

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Justo P Castaño Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, Spain

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-ligand somatostatin analogue SOM230 inhibits ACTH secretion by cultured human corticotroph adenomas via somatostatin receptor type 5 . European Journal of Endocrinology 152 645 – 654 . ( doi:10.1530/eje.1.01876 ) Hofland LJ Feelders RA de Herder WW

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Eva M G Viho Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Jan Kroon Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA

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Richard A Feelders Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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René Houtman Precision Medicine Lab, Oss, the Netherlands

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Elisabeth S R van den Dungen Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Alberto M Pereira Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Hazel J Hunt Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA

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Leo J Hofland Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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Onno C Meijer Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA

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& Laufgraben 2013 ). Previous results in patients with endogenous CS due to pituitary corticotroph adenomas showed that long-term treatment with mifepristone resulted in a continuous elevation of circulating ACTH ( Fleseriu et al. 2014 ), driving subsequent

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Itsuo Murakami Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsusima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Biological Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama 703-8516, Japan

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Sakae Takeuchi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsusima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Biological Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama 703-8516, Japan

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Toshiyuki Kudo Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsusima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Biological Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama 703-8516, Japan

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Shizuyo Sutou Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsusima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Biological Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama 703-8516, Japan

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Sumio Takahashi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsusima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
Department of Biological Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama 703-8516, Japan

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inhibition of ACTH peptides: small cell lung cancer cell lines are more resistant than pituitary corticotroph adenoma cells. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 10 25 –32. Gagner JP & Drouin J 1985 Opposite

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