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Mathis Grossmann Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

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70 years of clinical experience. On the other hand, in functional androgen deficiency due to axis suppression because of age-related comorbidities, treatment may aim for a specific health outcome, such as improvement of glucose metabolism, and

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Olivier Dumortier Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Gaia Fabris Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Didier F Pisani Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Virginie Casamento Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Nadine Gautier Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Charlotte Hinault Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Patricia Lebrun Université Côte d’Azur, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France

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Christophe Duranton Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Michel Tauc Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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Stéphane Dalle INSERM U1191, Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), CNRS UMR5203, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France

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Julie Kerr-Conte Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Lille, France

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François Pattou Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, INSERM, CHRU Lille, Lille, France

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Marc Prentki CRCHUM and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

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Emmanuel Van Obberghen Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France

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(disallowed genes) ( Quintens et al . 2008 , Pullen & Rutter 2013 ). Indeed, beta cells have a dedicated metabolism comprising a tightly regulated chain of elements from glucose sensors to a specialized exocytosis machinery. Glucose metabolism in beta cells

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Margaret K Hahn Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Adria Giacca Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Sandra Pereira Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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Introduction Breakthroughs in metabolic research rely upon in vivo studies using animal models, usually rodents. Assessment of glucose metabolism in rodents is a key component of diabetes research. Although general guidelines for

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Patricia Cristine Borck Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Sarah Rickli Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Jean Franciesco Vettorazzi Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Union Education of Cascavel, UNIVEL, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil

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Thiago Martins Batista Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Antonio Carlos Boschero Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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Elaine Vieira Postgraduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília-UCB, Distrito Federal, Brazil

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Everardo Magalhães Carneiro Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

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rhythms and glucose metabolism, instead of an enhanced phenotype, which could be associated at least in part with altered expression of Fgf21. Methods Animals All experimental procedures were approved in accordance with the Institutional

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Yu Wu Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Tingting Wu Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Jun Wu Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Lei Zhao Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Qing Li Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Zac Varghese Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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John F Moorhead Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Stephen H Powis Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Yaxi Chen Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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Xiong Z Ruan Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Key Laboratory of Metabolism of Lipid and Glucose, John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Lipid Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

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aggravated insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorders in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice The fasting glucose levels were unchanged in HFD-fed mice compared with NCD-fed mice ( Fig. 2 A and C). After glucose challenge, blood glucose concentration of HFD group

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Haijiang Wu Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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Xinna Deng Departments of Oncology & Immunotherapy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China

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Yonghong Shi Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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Ye Su Mathew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

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Jinying Wei Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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Huijun Duan Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China

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therapy. In this review, we summarize the major findings on the function of PGC-1α in glucose metabolism and discuss its potential therapeutic applications for T2DM. The close correlation between PGC-1α polymorphisms and T2DM is also discussed in this

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Lars P Klieverik Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Ewout Foppen Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of
Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Mariëtte T Ackermans Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Mireille J Serlie Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Hans P Sauerwein Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Thomas S Scanlan Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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David K Grandy Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Eric Fliers Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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Andries Kalsbeek Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of
Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of

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hypothalamus, regulates most of the processes affected by thyronamines (body temperature, cardiac function, and energy metabolism). Moreover, a principal role in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism has recently emerged for the hypothalamus ( Obici et al

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Gustavo Canul-Medina Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Leticia Riverón-Negrete Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Karina Pastén-Hidalgo Cátedra CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Paulina Morales-Castillo Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Francisco García-Vázquez Laboratorio de Immunología y Alergia, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos y Estudios Especiales, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Cristina Fernandez-Mejia Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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for skeletal reconstruction. Glucose uptake is a determinant for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation ( Wei et al. 2015 ); however, little is known about glucose metabolism and pancreatic islet changes after weaning. Low concentrations of

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Kanta Kon Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Hiroshi Tsuneki Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Hisakatsu Ito Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Yoshinori Takemura Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Kiyofumi Sato Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Mitsuaki Yamazaki Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Yoko Ishii Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Masakiyo Sasahara Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Assaf Rudich Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

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Takahiro Maeda Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Tsutomu Wada Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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Toshiyasu Sasaoka Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan

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and behavioral circadian misalignments in modern lifestyle, such as shift work and late eating, lead to dysregulation of glucose metabolism and increased risk of type 2 diabetes ( Cedernaes et al. 2015 , Qian et al. 2016 ). Intriguingly, one night

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K L Franko Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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A J Forhead Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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A L Fowden Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

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, little is known about the effects of commonly used control procedures, such as maternal saline or vehicle injection, on glucose metabolism of their offspring. The current study, therefore, compared the effects of maternal injection with dex or saline with

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