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Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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as intraperitoneal injection with regard to inducing an improvement in glucose tolerance and reduction in adipocyte size. These effects of oral GluOC were abolished by prior s.c. administration of exendin(9–39), an antagonistic peptide of the GLP-1
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Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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recapitulate aspects of the metabolic disturbances seen in obesity and type 2 diabetes. These include insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and dyslipidaemia ( Mody et al . 2011 , Jimenez-Palomares et al . 2012 , Shie et al . 2015 , Plucinska et al
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Diabetes and Metabolism Division, School of Medical Sciences, St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Department of Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
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Diabetes and Metabolism Division, School of Medical Sciences, St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine, CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Department of Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
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administered either by miniosmotic pump (continuous IL-6) or via twice-daily injection (intermittent IL-6). Irrespective of the mode of delivery, herein we show that 14-d treatment with IL-6 improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Materials and
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) throughout the study. Cumulative energy intake, body weight, circulating glucose and insulin concentrations were assessed at regular intervals during the study. At the end of the treatment period, glucose tolerance (18 mmol/kg bw; i.p.; 18 h-fasted mice
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ABSTRACT
Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in eight adult cats before and after a 4-week treatment with thyroxine. The untreated cats had a mean fasting blood glucose concentration of 7·7 ± 0·3 mmol/l and a mean fasting insulin concentration of 88 ± 31 pmol/l which were not significantly different from mean fasting glucose and insulin concentrations after 4 weeks of thyroxine administration (6·9 ± 0·2 mmol/l and 101 ± 28 pmol/l respectively). At 120 min after glucose injection, the glucose concentration in untreated cats returned to baseline concentrations as did the insulin concentration. However, in the hyperthyroid cats both glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly (P < 0·001) higher (13·6 ± 0·8 mmol/l and 245 ± 17 pmol/l respectively) in comparison with the baseline and untreated cats. The t ½ for glucose disappearance was significantly higher in the cats rendered hyperthyroid, and the glucose disposal rate constant (K) was significantly lower in this group. It is concluded that hyperthyroidism in cats leads to impairment of glucose tolerance possibly due to peripheral insulin resistance.
Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 249–251
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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with those used in humans to understand the translatability of metabolic tests. Determining insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in vivo Glucose tolerance test The glucose tolerance test (GTT) assesses the response (i.e. circulating
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impaired glucose tolerance) in mice ( Bailey & Ahmed-Sorour 1980 ). Furthermore, aromatase knockout (ARKO) mice, which possess a genetic impairment in endogenous estrogen synthesis, exhibit decreased glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and increased
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Abstract
A recently developed indigestible dextrin (IDex) was studied for its effects on glucose tolerance in male Sprague–Dawley rats. IDex is a low viscosity, water-soluble dietary fibre obtained by heating and enzyme treatment of potato starch. It has an average molecular weight of 1600.
An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted with 8-week-old rats to evaluate the effects of IDex on the increase in plasma glucose and insulin levels after a single administration of various sugars (1·5 g/kg body weight). The increase in both plasma glucose and insulin levels following sucrose, maltose and maltodextrin loading was significantly reduced by IDex (0·15 g/kg body weight). This effect was not noted following glucose, high fructose syrup and lactose loading.
To evaluate the effects of continual IDex ingestion on glucose tolerance, 5-week-old rats were kept for 8 weeks on a stock diet, a high sucrose diet or an IDex-supplemented high sucrose diet. An oral glucose (1·5 g/kg body weight) tolerance test was conducted in week 8. Increases in both plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose loading were higher in the rats given a high sucrose diet than in the rats fed a stock diet. However, when IDex was included in the high sucrose diet, the impairment of glucose tolerance was alleviated. Moreover, IDex feeding also significantly reduced accumulation of body fat, regardless of changes in body weight.
These findings suggest that IDex not only improves glucose tolerance following sucrose, maltose and maltodextrin loading but also stops progressive decrease in glucose tolerance by preventing a high sucrose diet from causing obesity.
Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 533–538
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glucose, enhanced glucose tolerance and β-cell secretory capacity. Further, we discover the presence of a BTD-sensitive mechanism involved in insulin secretion in β-cells lacking NKCC1, thus unmasking a potential new role for NKCC2 in β-cell physiology
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Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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. 2006 , Ahren et al . 2010 , Agardh & Ahren 2012 ), and interestingly not all these studies assessed glucose tolerance ( Winzell & Ahren 2004 , Ahren et al . 2010 ). With this in mind, we aimed to examine the effects of consuming a long-term (i
