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Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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Introduction: pathogenesis of insulin resistance Insulin resistance is defined as the inadequate response of tissues, such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, central nervous system, and liver, to insulin. Insulin resistance and impaired
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Introduction Patients with insulin resistance have been reported to have decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content ( Kelley et al. 2002 , Ritov et al. 2005 , Chomentowski et al. 2011 ) and reductions in skeletal muscle
Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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metabolic disturbances is insulin resistance, which is a condition in which the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis. Adipose tissue dysfunction plays a crucial role in the development of
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Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Research Institute, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Introduction Obesity is associated with elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and FFAs cause insulin resistance ( Lewis et al . 2002 , Xiao et al . 2008 ). FFAs induce oxidative stress ( Nakamura et al . 2009 , Yuzefovych et al . 2010
Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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resistance-associated metabolic perturbations. Accumulating evidence highlights a critical role for adenosine signaling in the development of insulin resistance ( Antonioli et al. 2015 , Pardo et al. 2017 ). Adenosine signaling is also closely
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, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, suggesting that NAFLD might be considered as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome ( Marchesini et al . 2001 , Adams et al . 2005 ). The metabolic syndrome is a leading cause of mortality
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-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Saturated fatty acids are major contributors to the process of high-fat feeding, causing insulin resistance ( Nakamura et al. 2009 ). It has been well demonstrated that palmitate induces inflammation in
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Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Renmin Hospital, Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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, and metabolic energy balance ( Chatterjee et al . 2014 ). Although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, adipose tissue inflammation has been acknowledged as a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and
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Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
Tangshan Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Medicine Development, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
Tangshan Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Medicine Development, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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reverse its progression. However, if Yap is involved in liver fibrosis induced by insulin resistance (IR) has not been reported. In this study, mouse liver fibrosis was induced by IR using HFD stimulation, and the liver YAP pathway and insulin pathway
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Physiology, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Physiology, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
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Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Physiology, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
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Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Physiology, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
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Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Physiology, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Physiology, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
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point, to our knowledge, only two clinical studies exist specifically evaluating insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance respectively in the context of antipsychotic treatment ( Henderson et al . 2009 , Smith et al . 2013 ). Both examined