Introduction Patients with insulin resistance have been reported to have decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial content ( Kelley et al. 2002 , Ritov et al. 2005 , Chomentowski et al. 2011 ) and reductions in skeletal muscle
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Amanda J Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Evelyn C Marin, Nicholas J Saner, Javier Botella, Macsue Jacques, Glenn K McConell, Victor A Andrade-Souza, Javier Chagolla, and David J Bishop
Sandra Pereira, Anu Shah, I George Fantus, Jamie W Joseph, and Adria Giacca
Introduction Obesity is associated with elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and FFAs cause insulin resistance ( Lewis et al . 2002 , Xiao et al . 2008 ). FFAs induce oxidative stress ( Nakamura et al . 2009 , Yuzefovych et al . 2010
Jiean Xu, Qiuhua Yang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Zhiping Liu, Yapeng Cao, Lina Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xianqiu Zeng, Qian Ma, Yiming Xu, Yong Wang, Lei Huang, Zhen Han, Tao Wang, David Stepp, Zsolt Bagi, Chaodong Wu, Mei Hong, and Yuqing Huo
resistance-associated metabolic perturbations. Accumulating evidence highlights a critical role for adenosine signaling in the development of insulin resistance ( Antonioli et al. 2015 , Pardo et al. 2017 ). Adenosine signaling is also closely
Mohamed Asrih and François R Jornayvaz
, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, suggesting that NAFLD might be considered as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome ( Marchesini et al . 2001 , Adams et al . 2005 ). The metabolic syndrome is a leading cause of mortality
Yujiao Dai, Peng Hao, Zhimei Sun, Zhiyi Guo, Hong Xu, Lihui Xue, Hongyu Song, Yida Li, Shuang Li, Mingming Gao, Teng Si, Yuxin Zhang, and Yajuan Qi
reverse its progression. However, if Yap is involved in liver fibrosis induced by insulin resistance (IR) has not been reported. In this study, mouse liver fibrosis was induced by IR using HFD stimulation, and the liver YAP pathway and insulin pathway
Xiao-Bing Cui, Jun-Na Luan, Jianping Ye, and Shi-You Chen
, and metabolic energy balance ( Chatterjee et al . 2014 ). Although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, adipose tissue inflammation has been acknowledged as a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and
Qiuhua Yang, Jiean Xu, Qian Ma, Zhiping Liu, Yaqi Zhou, Yongfeng Cai, Xiaoxiao Mao, David Stepp, Neal Weintraub, David J Fulton, Mei Hong, and Yuqing Huo
-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. Saturated fatty acids are major contributors to the process of high-fat feeding, causing insulin resistance ( Nakamura et al. 2009 ). It has been well demonstrated that palmitate induces inflammation in
Gary J Remington, Celine Teo, Virginia Wilson, Araba Chintoh, Melanie Guenette, Zohra Ahsan, Adria Giacca, and Margaret K Hahn
point, to our knowledge, only two clinical studies exist specifically evaluating insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance respectively in the context of antipsychotic treatment ( Henderson et al . 2009 , Smith et al . 2013 ). Both examined
João Paulo G Camporez, Mohamed Asrih, Dongyan Zhang, Mario Kahn, Varman T Samuel, Michael J Jurczak, and François R Jornayvaz
, is affecting about one out of three individuals ( Williams et al . 2011 ). NAFLD is a major risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes ( Angulo 2002 , Fabbrini et al . 2010 , Asrih & Jornayvaz 2015 ). Fibroblast
Rubén Marín-Juez, Susanne Jong-Raadsen, Shuxin Yang, and Herman P Spaink
insulin resistance in mammals. For instance, a twofold increase in plasma insulin levels can induce insulin resistance in mice, resembling the pattern in insulin-resistant patients with pathological obesity or type 2 diabetes who show similar increases in
