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of insulin receptors and glucose oxidation in cultured Chang liver cells and L6 myotubes ( Rengarajan et al . 2007 , Rajesh & Balasubramanian 2013 ). Furthermore, DEHP treatment of adult albino rats disrupts insulin signalling molecules, glucose

metabolic action ( Rincon et al. 1996 , Diamanti-Kandarakis & Dunaif 2012 ). It has been proposed that insulin resistance is caused by a post-binding defect in the insulin signaling pathway and/or related to mutations in the insulin receptor ( IR ) gene

deletion of BMP7 receptor type 1A in adipose tissue attenuates age-related onset of insulin resistance ( Schulz et al. 2016 ). Thus, it is still unclear whether and how BMP7 regulates insulin signal transduction in the liver. In this study, we increased

insulin signalling pathway genes in two key insulin-responsive tissues, skeletal muscle and liver, and would decrease β-cell mass in pancreas of these adult progeny. Because morbidity after preterm birth is worse in males than females ( Liggins & Howie

, kidney, muscle and adipose tissues, a broad tissue distribution that is characteristic of other FoxO isoforms in mammals ( Kim et al. 2011 ). Recent studies indicate that FoxO6 plays important roles in integrating insulin signaling to glucose and lipid

hypertriglyceridemia ( Gazzerro et al . 2010 ). Moreover, we have demonstrated that the level of CAV1 in skeletal muscle is related to insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo ( Oh et al . 2008 ), indicating that CAV1 may regulate insulin signaling. Notably, Cav

cardiovascular events ( Lincoff et al . 2007 ). The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of PIO on the insulin-signaling pathway (hepatic levels of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) – total and phosphorylated at a serine(307

pectoral muscle, a pure glycolytic-type muscle ( Duchêne et al . 2008 c ). To better understand the mechanisms of insulin action in chicken muscle, other components of insulin signaling have been recently characterized, namely the PKB/Akt, P70S6K1, and ERK

exposure during pregnancy impacts placental growth factors and insulin signaling pathways during late gestation ( Ain et al . 2005 , Jellyman et al . 2012 ). In the fetal sheep, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was increased in skeletal muscle when GCs were

, genes encoding proteins with effects on insulin signaling and/or insulin action are of special interest in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of the insulin resistance and to develop effective treatments. Recent studies have