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Brit H Boehmer Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Sean W Limesand School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

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Paul J Rozance Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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fetuses also are characterized by impaired glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS; Nicolini et al. 1990 ). In cases of severe IUGR, fetuses have smaller and less vascularized pancreatic islets with fewer β-cells ( Van Assche et al. 1977 ). This

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J Cantley School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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D L Eizirik ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté de Médecine, Bruxelles, Belgium

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E Latres JDRF International, New York, NY, USA

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C M Dayan Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD Stockholm Symposium 2022
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the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD Stockholm Symposium 2022

BioRender.com. The rationale for the JDRF–DiabetesUK–INNODIA–nPOD symposium entitled ‘Islet cells in human T1D: from recent advances to novel therapies’, which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, between September 23 and 25, 2022, was provided by the

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Neil Tanday Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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Aimee Coulter-Parkhill Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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R Charlotte Moffett Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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Karthick Suruli Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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Vaibhav Dubey Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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Peter R Flatt Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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Nigel Irwin Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland

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implication that oestrogen acts as a protective factor for pancreatic islet beta cells to help prevent development of T2D ( Tiano & Mauvais-Jarvis 2012 ). Beyond this, males and females also show divergent responses in terms of diabetes complications, efficacy

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Christine A Beamish Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Yoon K Lee Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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A Osama Gaber Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Priyanka Chanana Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Edward A Graviss Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA

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Malgorzata Kloc Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Cell and Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
Department of Genetics, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

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M Waleed Gaber Department of Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Section, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

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Willa A Hsueh Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

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Omaima M Sabek Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Department of Cell and Microbiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA

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effects ranging from β-cell proliferation and changes in islet and β-cell area and mass ( Ackermann & Gannon 2007 ), insulin and glucose deviations ( Surwit et al. 1988 ), and whole body metabolite alterations including pancreas, liver, fat, and bone

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Amy Hughes Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Darling Rojas-Canales Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Chris Drogemuller Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Nicolas H Voelcker Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Shane T Grey Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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P T H Coates Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET), Australian Islet Transplant Consortium, School of Medicine, Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM), Mawson Institute, Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Introduction Islet transplantation is an emerging therapy for highly selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and is now a funded treatment in the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland and recently in Australia ( McCall & Shapiro 2012

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George Bikopoulos
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Aurelio da Silva Pimenta Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Simon C Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Jonathan R Lakey Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Sandy D Der
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Catherine B Chan Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Rolando Bacis Ceddia Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Michael B Wheeler Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Department of Physiology, Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Agricultural, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8

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Maria Rozakis-Adcock
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identify candidate genes and relevant metabolic and signaling pathways regulated by FFA in human pancreatic islets. This is primarily due to the scarcity of human tissue for research purposes ( Haber et al . 2003 , 2006 , Newsholme et al . 2007 b

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Bethany P Cummings
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Ahmed Bettaieb Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA

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James L Graham Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA

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Kimber Stanhope Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA

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Fawaz G Haj Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA

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Peter J Havel Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, T7 022A Veterinary Research Tower (Box 17), Ithaca, New York 14850, USA

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, were two- to threefold higher in WAT in animals treated with pioglitazone compared with controls ( P <0.05; Fig. 5 E). Alogliptin did not significantly affect Akt or ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Pioglitazone and alogliptin treatment preserve islet

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Rebecca L Hull Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Joshua R Willard Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Matthias D Struck Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Breanne M Barrow Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Gurkirat S Brar Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Sofianos Andrikopoulos Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia

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Sakeneh Zraika Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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most researchers studying glucose metabolism in mice. First, in vitro insulin secretion was compared in islets isolated from the six substrains. Then, in vivo assessments of insulin release in response to intravenous glucose were performed following

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Christine A Beamish Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Sofia Mehta Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada

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Brenda J Strutt Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada

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Subrata Chakrabarti Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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Manami Hara Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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David J Hill Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

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. 2008 ). There is evidence for rare pancreatic progenitor cells in human and mouse islets capable of multi-lineage differentiation and which express insulin ( Smukler et al. 2011 ). Importantly, these cells demonstrate low/absent glucose-transporter 2

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Wenjing Wang Islet and Cell Processing Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center/Northwest Tissue Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Surgery and Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Lisa Upshaw Islet and Cell Processing Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center/Northwest Tissue Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Surgery and Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

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D Michael Strong Islet and Cell Processing Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center/Northwest Tissue Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Surgery and Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

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R Paul Robertson Islet and Cell Processing Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center/Northwest Tissue Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Surgery and Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

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JoAnna Reems Islet and Cell Processing Laboratory, Puget Sound Blood Center/Northwest Tissue Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Department of Surgery and Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Introduction Islet transplantation can result in insulin independence in patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ( Shapiro et al. 2003 ). To achieve a successful islet transplant, islets are first isolated from an organ donor

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