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( Kovacs et al. 2001 , Farrell 2006 ). Prolactinomas, which derive from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lactotroph cells, are the pituitary tumours with the highest incidence in the clinic ( Ciccarelli et al. 2005 ). Sexual differences in the clinical
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Introduction The involvement of estrogens in the control of pituitary function has been extensively studied (reviewed in Seilicovich 2010 ). Initially, estradiol was described to induce lactotroph proliferation through ERα; however, apoptotic
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). Nevertheless, other hypothalamic factors have been reported to contribute to prolactin inhibition such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), somatostatin, and opiates, among others ( Leong et al. 1983 , Grattan 2015 ). On the other hand, although lactotrophs
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involving prolactin-inhibiting and prolactin-releasing factors. These mechanisms impact on prolactin synthesis, storage and release during postnatal development ( Chen 1987 , Becú-Villalobos et al. 1992 ). As lactotrophs constitutively synthesize and
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-stimulating hormone, somatotrophs secrete growth hormone (GH) and lactotrophs secrete prolactin (PRL). Although morphological studies suggest that all of these cell types arise from a progenitor cell type in Rathke’s pouch ( Dasen & Rosenfeld 2001 ), differentiation
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, Ahlbom et al . 1998 ), ‘massive degeneration’ ( Orgnero de Gaisan et al . 1993 ), autolytic changes ( Aoki et al . 1996 ), and bi-directional lactotroph to somatotroph transdifferentiation ( Porter et al . 1991 ) have been implicated to account for it
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hypoglycemia ( Kinsley et al. 1996 ). We have previously demonstrated that there is a reduction in the number of lactotrophs in the rat pituitary after 8 weeks of poorly controlled diabetes ( Arroba et al. 2003 ), which could explain the decrease in
Department of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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vectors will aid with correctly interpreting experimental data. Therefore, in this study, we used the rat pituitary lactotroph in the primary culture as a model for studying how adenovirus vector infection modulates cell proliferation. We found that the
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participation of the EZH2/H3K27me3 axis in the proliferation of lactotroph tumor cells. Materials and methods Animal and murine experimental pituitary tumor model Three-month-old male Fisher rats were housed under controlled temperature (21 ± 3°C
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ABSTRACT
The intracellular localization of different molecular forms of prolactin was studied in various experimental models covering a wide range of secretory states.
By correlating electron microscopy, morphometry and quantification of monomeric (small) and polymeric (big) prolactin after differential extraction procedures, big prolactin was found stored in secretory granules while small prolactin was loosely associated with all organelles involved in hormone synthesis and processing. No correlation with levels of lactotrophic secretory activity was detected by either the number of secretory granules or prolactin content in lactotrophs.
J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 219–225