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Ulla-Maj Fiúza Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK

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Alfonso Martinez Arias Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK

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120 1265 –1282. Gordon WR , Vardar-Ulu D, Histen G, Sanchez-Irizarry C, Aster JC & Blacklow SC 2007 Structural basis for autoinhibition of Notch. Nature Structural and Molecular Biology 14 295 –300

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H. Imura
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Y. Kato
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Y. Nakai
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K. Nakao
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I. Tanaka
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H. Jingami
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T. Koh
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T. Yoshimasa
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T. Tsukada
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M. Suda
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M. Sakamoto
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N. Morii
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H. Takahashi
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K. Tojo
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A. Sugawara
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ABSTRACT

Advances in techniques in molecular biology have facilitated the research into endogenous opioids and related peptides in several ways. The organization and expression of genes and the primary structure of three precursor proteins of opioid peptides have been elucidated. These studies predicted the presence of potentially bioactive peptides, which has been confirmed by later studies. Advances in techniques in protein chemistry have helped to elucidate the distribution and molecular forms of endogenous opioids and related peptides in the body, and the processing of precursor proteins. Studies on the function of these peptides have shown a broad spectrum of actions. Leumorphin, a newly identified peptide, has been shown to exhibit unique biological activities. In spite of extensive studies, the physiological and pathophysiological significance of opioid peptide systems are not yet completely understood. This is mainly due to the paucity of our knowledge about opioid receptors. Further studies on the subtypes of opioid receptors will help to elucidate all aspects of the function of endogenous opioids and related peptides.

J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 147–157

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Andrea Mafficini ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy

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Aldo Scarpa ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy

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publication of the ICGC group results and will then discuss the contribution of the latter to the building of a more complete picture of the molecular biology of PanNETs. Finally, we will give an overview of the open questions and expected developments after

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Andrés J López-Contreras Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Pharmacology, Departments of

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Jesús D Galindo Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Pharmacology, Departments of

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Carlos López-García Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Pharmacology, Departments of

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Maria T Castells Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Pharmacology, Departments of

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Asunción Cremades Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Pharmacology, Departments of

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Rafael Peñafiel Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Pharmacology, Departments of

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family by phylogenetic studies . Molecular Biology and Evolution 24 78 – 79 . Kontula KK Torkkeli TK Bardin CW Jänne OA 1984 Androgen induction of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA as studied by complementary DNA . PNAS 81 731 – 735 . Kubovcanova L

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Shuai Huang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Yincong Xue Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Wanying Chen Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Mei Xue Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Lei Miao Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Li Dong Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Hao Zuo Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Hezhi Wen Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Xiong Lei Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Zhixiao Xu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Meiyu Quan Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Lisha Guo Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Yawen Zheng Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Zhendong Wang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Li Yang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Yuping Li Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

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Chengshui Chen Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China

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Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 50 1156 – 1165 . ( https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2013-0268oc ) Itoh N & Ornitz DM 2004 Evolution of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families . Trends in Genetics 20 563 – 569 . ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2004

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J L H O'Riordan
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Introduction

Rickets has long been of interest in Britain, since the original monographs of Whistler and of Glisson, Bate and Regemorter. Both of those works were in Latin but Whistler rapidly had an English translation made which shows that the title of his thesis was 'Inaugural Medical Disputation of the Children's Disease of the English which the inhabitants idiomatically called 'the rickets', which, God aiding him, Daniel Whistler, Eastern Anglo-Saxon, with the authority of the most noble and magnificent rector Dr Johannes Polyander a Kerkchoven, doctor of Holy Theology and Principle Professor of the same faculty in the illustrious Academy of Leyden in Holland propounds there for dispute for the Degree of Doctor and its entailed high privileges in Medicine on the 18th day of October at the accustomed time and place'. His thesis was printed in 1645, a few years before Glisson's book (1650), but even so

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Celia Siu Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Sam Wiseman Department of Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Sitanshu Gakkhar Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Alireza Heravi-Moussavi Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Misha Bilenky Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Annaick Carles Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Thomas Sierocinski Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Angela Tam Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Eric Zhao Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Katayoon Kasaian Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Richard A Moore Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Andrew J Mungall Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada

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Blair Walker Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Thomas Thomson Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Marco A Marra Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Martin Hirst Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Steven J M Jones Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

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the development of a deeper understanding of the molecular biology that underlies thyroid function and provides important contextual epigenetic information for comparison and integration into future studies. Supplementary data This is linked to

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Pia Kiilerich Institute of Biology and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

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Karsten Kristiansen Institute of Biology and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

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Steffen S Madsen Institute of Biology and
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark

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, Lecointre G, Mercier B, Cramb G & Ferec C 2001 A combined analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: implications for structure and disease models. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18 1771 –1788

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A Cremades
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C Ruzafa
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F Monserrat
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A J López-Contreras
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R Peñafiel
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and function. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 69 307 –313. Castillo L , Ajami A, Branch S, Chapman TE, Yu YM, Burke JF & Young VR 1994 Plasma arginine kinetics in adult man: response to an

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Tony K S Ku University of Illinois Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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David L Crowe University of Illinois Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA

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Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 72 35 –46. Ojanotko-Harri A , Forssell H, Laine M, Hurttia H, Blauer M & Tuohimaa P 1992 Immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptors in human oral mucosa. Archives of

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