insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) production and autocrine/paracrine (local) actions via the osteoblast GH-receptor (GHR). In addition, local GH actions may be indirect (IGF1 dependent) or direct (IGF1 independent) ( Isgaard et al . 1986 , 1989 , Le
R Dobie, V E MacRae, C Huesa, R van't Hof, S F Ahmed and C Farquharson
Therese Standal, Rachelle W Johnson, Narelle E McGregor, Ingrid J Poulton, Patricia W M Ho, T John Martin and Natalie A Sims
pathway may aid in the design of improved anabolic therapies. The effects of PTH on bone mass are likely to be mediated by cells of the osteoblast lineage. This lineage includes committed pre-osteoblasts, matrix-producing osteoblasts, bone lining cells
Chandrika D Mahalingam, Bharat Reddy Sampathi, Sonali Sharma, Tanuka Datta, Varsha Das, Abdul B Abou-Samra and Nabanita S Datta
Introduction Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone-building osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, a process known as bone remodeling ( Feng & McDonald 2011 , Kular et al . 2012 ). Age-related bone loss is associated with
Koichiro Komatsu, Akemi Shimada, Tatsuya Shibata, Satoshi Wada, Hisashi Ideno, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Norio Amizuka, Masaki Noda and Akira Nifuji
-forming cells. N-BPs stimulate proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts at low concentrations. At high concentrations, N-BPs inhibit proliferation and bone nodule formation ( Giuliani et al . 1998 , Reinholtz et al . 2000 ). It has also been pointed
P A Hill and A Tumber
the removal of bone by osteoclasts and the formation of new bone by osteoblasts. Up to 65% of osteoblasts that originate at the remodelling site die by apoptosis, or programmed cell death (PCD), a process common to several regenerating tissues ( Jilka
Jin-Ran Chen, Oxana P Lazarenko, Haijun Zhao, Alexander W Alund and Kartik Shankar
/mL) and glutamine (4 mM). α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1 mM ascorbyl-2-phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich) and 4 mM l -glutamine was used as osteoblast (OB) differentiation medium, while α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS was used as control medium. Cell RNA from
Hiroki Saito, Tomoya Nakamachi, Kazuhiko Inoue, Ryuji Ikeda, Kazuo Kitamura, Naoto Minamino, Seiji Shioda and Atsuro Miyata
fibrocartilaginous template is replaced by calcified bone in a chondrocyte-dependent process. On the other hand, during intramembranous bone formation in calvaria, chondrocytes are not involved and bone is laid down directly by osteoblasts derived from mesenchymal
M Alexandra Sorocéanu, Dengshun Miao, Xiu-Ying Bai, Hanyi Su, David Goltzman and Andrew C Karaplis
cells can give rise to all major skeletal tissues, such as cartilage, myelosupportive stroma, and fibrous connective tissue as well as associated adipocytes and osteoblasts, the bone forming cells ( Friedenstein et al. 1968 , Owen 1988 , Kuznetsov
Zuzana Saidak, Carole Le Henaff, Sofia Azzi, Caroline Marty and Pierre J Marie
-related decline in bone formation results from multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to decreased differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts and decreased osteoblast number and activity ( Manolagas & Parfitt 2010
M M Conradie, H de Wet, D D R Kotze, J M Burrin, F S Hough and P A Hulley
loss of osteoblast precursors ( Weinstein et al . 1998 , Zalavras et al . 2003 ), osteocytes ( Weinstein et al . 1998 ), articular ( Van Offel et al . 2002 ) and growth plate chondrocytes ( Silvestrini et al . 2000 , Mehls et al . 2001
