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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer sobre la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer sobre la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer sobre la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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-associated thermogenesis as well as to transient increases in blood pressure, ventilation activity and vasomotor tone ( Guyenet 2006 , Lambert et al. 2010 ). One of the key brainstem centers controlling the sympathetic outflow is the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM
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nuclear c-Fos in C57BL6 animals within neurons located in the area postrema, NTS, ventrolateral medulla, paraventricular nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus in fixed brain tissue collected 2 h following vehicle ( Fig. 6A , B , C , D and E ) or IL-1β ( Fig
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ABSTRACT
Plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels were measured at rest (mean arterial pressure 80–85 mmHg) and during hypotension (mean arterial pressure 38–45 mmHg) induced by ganglionic blockade (trimethaphan) in halothane-anaesthetized respirated rats with end-tidal pCO2 maintained at 34–40 mmHg. Hypotension (15 min) produced a 310% increase in plasma AVP (±60% s.e.m.) which was not reduced significantly by prior baro- and chemoreceptor denervation. The hypotension-induced rise in AVP was blocked by bilateral microinjections (40 nl) of the GABA-mimetic agent muscimol (151 pmol) into the ventrolateral medulla at obex level and significantly attenuated by injections of the same amount in the nucleus tractus solitarius. The rise in AVP was unaffected by microinjections in the pontine locus coeruleus. It was also blocked by bilateral microinjections of the glutamate-receptor antagonist kynurenate (40 nl, 1·8 nmol) into the ventrolateral medulla but unaffected by microinjections of the inactive analogue xanthurenic acid (40 nl, 1·8 nmol). A significantly smaller rise in plasma AVP (88%) was observed following bilateral nephrectomy. It is concluded that, in this preparation, hypotension produces the release of AVP via a mechanism largely independent of baro- and chemoreceptors, which requires the activation of neurones located in the caudal medulla oblongata. The same or closely related neurones may be activated by a neural or hormonal signal generated by the kidney.
J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 101–111
Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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neurons in brain regions involved in food intake regulation, where PrRP is expressed (ventromedial nucleus (VMH) of hypothalamus and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of brainstem), also contain leptin receptors ( Ellacott
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al. (1992) , in multiple species by Smeets and Gonzalez (2000) and in the mouse by Paxinos and Franklin (2001) . CVO, circumventricular organ. CA group CVO Area postrema (AP) −7.48 A1 Ventrolateral medulla (VLM) −7.48, −7.32 A2 Nucleus of the
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reduction of ROS generation and activation of Akt ( Zeng et al . 2010 ), while the chronotropic effect of apelin-13 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) appears to be mediated by NAPDH oxidase-derived superoxide production ( Yao et al . 2011
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ventrolateral medulla ( Huber & Schreihofer 2011 ). Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats are a variant of the Zucker rats, which were developed from the original Zucker colony ( Friedman et al . 1991 ). Obese male rats of this colony were found to become diabetic
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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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modulates pathways related to volume and blood pressure. In this context, the literature shows that NTS and VLM (ventrolateral medulla) express oestrogen receptors (Shughrue et al . 1997, Simonian & Herbison 1997). More specifically, A1 noradrenergic
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. Oestradiol activates two brain areas to decrease heart rate via the parasympathetic nervous system. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is activated via ERβ receptors and the nucleus ambiguous (NA) is activated via GPER. This decreased heart rate might
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organ; SNA, sympathetic nerve activity; SON, supraoptic nucleus; STZ, streptozotocin; TRH, thyrotropin releasing hormone; UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; VLM, ventrolateral medulla; VMH, ventromedial hypothalamus; VTA, ventrotegmental area; WAT, white
