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Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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those with normal kidney function. Recent findings indicate that metformin and thiazolidinediones indirectly activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; Batandier et al . 2006 ). Direct activation of AMPK has been highlighted as a potential novel
Department of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Life Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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Department of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Life Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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-independent manner. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated during exercise and promotes glucose uptake in the absence of insulin ( Hayashi et al . 1997 ). Impairment of glucose uptake in the muscles is observed in pathological conditions such as obesity
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muscle ( Chen et al . 2006 ). Furthermore, CRF stimulates muscle substrate oxidation through the activation of both phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways ( Solinas et al . 2006 ). Investigations into the role
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Institut D’investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de Girona ‘Dr Josep Trueta’, Institut D’investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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). Recent evidence from our group has also shown a homeostatic link between the central effects of THs on hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sympathetic tone and UCP1 expression in BAT ( Lopez et al . 2010 , Alvarez-Crespo et al . 2016
Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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) expressing populations that are anorexigenic ( Grill & Kaplan 2002 , Hillebrand et al . 2002 , Morton et al . 2006 , Schwartz 2006 ). Additionally, hypothalamic AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), a sensor of cellular metabolism that responds to changes
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Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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glucagon’s action. Glucagon stimulates PPARα activity and targets fatty acid oxidation gene expression, which is diminished in PPARα knockout mice ( Longuet et al . 2008 ). Although AMPK is implicated to mediate glucagon-induced PPARα activity, the
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( Minnich et al . 2001 ). Recent studies have shown that the hepatic functions of SREBP-1c and PPARα could be modulated by AMPK, an energy sensor that is activated by a high AMP:ATP ratio and maintains cellular energy homeostasis in part by regulating
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-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can be activated in many situations, such as ischemia, pressure overload, and heart failure, and its activation can upregulate the expression of PGC1A ( Rowe et al . 2010 , Zaha & Young 2012 ). Both decreased PGC1A and adverse
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Centre for Endocrinology, Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Division of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Centre for Endocrinology, Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Division of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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observed during glucocorticoid excess correspond to the metabolic steps regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a regulator of cellular and systemic energy homeostasis and acts as a sensor of energy status. AMPK may be activated through
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-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric enzyme complex, is the key regulator of energy metabolism in cells, which contributes to the regulation of most metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism ( Kahn et al. 2005 ). Recent