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Fazal Wahab Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany

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Ikram Ullah Khan Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Ignacio Rodriguez Polo Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Hira Zubair Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Charis Drummer Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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Muhammad Shahab Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

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Rüdiger Behr Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

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–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis) ( Wahab et al. 2011 a , 2015 , 2016 a , Plant 2015 a , Corradi et al. 2016 ). In this axis, pulsatile release of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, that is

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0574
Volume/Issue:
Volume 241: Issue 3
Free access
Xiaoning Li College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Junhua Xiao College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Yating Fan College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Kan Yang College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Kai Li College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Xin Wang College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

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Yanhua Lu State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

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Yuxun Zhou College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

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) axis, symbolized by the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) ( Ebling 2005 ). GnRH is a peptide hormone composed of ten amino acids (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) ( Lee et al. 2008 ) and represents the final

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0082
Volume/Issue:
Volume 242: Issue 3
Free access
Christopher J Scott School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Jessica L Rose School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Allan J Gunn Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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Briony M McGrath School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia

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and circannual) and, in some animals, season/photoperiod. The final output signal of this integration is the release into hypophyseal portal blood of the neurohormone gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Anterior pituitary secretion of the

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0485
Volume/Issue:
Volume 240: Issue 1
Free access
Takayoshi Ubuka Department of Integrative Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA

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George E Bentley Department of Integrative Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building #3140, Berkeley, California 94720-3140, USA

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Introduction Vertebrate reproduction is primarily regulated by GnRH, of which there are at least three distinct forms, namely GnRH-I, -II, and -III. One or more of these forms has been found in all vertebrates studied to date, regulating

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/JOE-08-0508
Volume/Issue:
Volume 201: Issue 1
Free access
Katherine N Makowski Animal Care Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Michael J Kreisman Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Richard B McCosh Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Ali A Raad Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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Kellie M Breen Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

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mechanism underlying LH suppression, LPS acutely suppressed the coordinated release of both gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH pulses in ovariectomized (OVX) sheep, suggesting central inhibition of the GnRH pulse generator ( Battaglia et al. 1998

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0165
Volume/Issue:
Volume 246: Issue 2
Restricted access
Matthew W S Lim School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Angela K Lucas-Herald School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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Avril Mason Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

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Christian Delles School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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Paul J Connelly School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

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secretion of gonadal sex steroids (oestrogen and testosterone) ( Flanagan & Manilall 2017 ). This is achieved and regulated via the activation of the anterior pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors via its decapeptide ligand. Consequently

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0309
Volume/Issue:
Volume 261: Issue 1
Open access
J Shaik Mohamed Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA

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I A Khan Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, USA

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Introduction Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the control of vertebrate reproduction. Similarly, GnRH or GnRH-like peptides occur in some protochordate and invertebrate species ( Adams et al. 2003

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06423
Volume/Issue:
Volume 188: Issue 3
Free access
Shiping Su College of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Life Science, The Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agriculture University, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China

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Xiaoxia Sun College of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Life Science, The Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agriculture University, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China

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Xiuhong Zhou College of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Life Science, The Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agriculture University, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China

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Fuigui Fang College of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Life Science, The Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agriculture University, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China

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Yunsheng Li College of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Life Science, The Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agriculture University, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China

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revealed that athymic nudes have reduced numbers of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and pituitary gonadotropic cells, compared with heterozygotes, and neonatal thymulin gene therapy could prevent these changes ( Reggiani et al . 2009 b

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0720
Volume/Issue:
Volume 226: Issue 2
Free access
Valerie M Harris Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Sachin V Bendre Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Francina Gonzalez De Los Santos
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Alemu Fite Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Ahmad El-Yaman El-Dandachli
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Lyazat Kurenbekova Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Abdul B Abou-Samra Division of Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, Division of Endocrinology, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, 421 E. Canfield, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2119, USA

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Colleen Buggs-Saxton
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Introduction GnRH is the master regulator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (H–P–G) reproductive axis. It binds to receptors in the pituitary gonadotroph cell to increase the synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH, both of which stimulate the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0359
Volume/Issue:
Volume 212: Issue 2
Free access
Andrea C Wilson Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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M Shahriar Salamat Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Ryan J Haasl Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Kelly M Roche Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Anjali Karande Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Ei Terasawa Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Richard L Bowen Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Craig S Atwood Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, University of Wisconsin, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
Voyager Pharmaceutical Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27615, USA

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Introduction Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted from gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary into the bloodstream following pulsatile stimulation by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I; Larsen et al. 2002 ). LH

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.07047
Volume/Issue:
Volume 191: Issue 3
Free access