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Tomoaki Hayakawa Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Tomomi Minemura Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Toshiharu Onodera Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Jihoon Shin Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Yosuke Okuno Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Atsunori Fukuhara Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Michio Otsuki Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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Iichiro Shimomura Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

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syndrome and also in obese individuals ( Hirata et al . 2009 , 2012 ; Urbanet et al . 2015 ). Treatment with eplerenone, a specific MR blocker, partially reverses the obesity-associated dysfunction of adipocytes and insulin resistance in mice ( Guo et

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Olena A Fedorenko School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Pawitra Pulbutr Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand

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Elin Banke Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Nneoma E Akaniro-Ejim School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Donna C Bentley School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK

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Charlotta S Olofsson Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

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Sue Chan School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Paul A Smith School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

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Introduction White fat adipocytes (WFA) are the major energy depot of the body, storing and releasing energy in response to the calorific demands of the body during periods of excess and need respectively ( Arner et al. 2011 ). It is widely

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Rafaela Fadoni Alponti Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503‐900 Sao Paulo, Brazil
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503‐900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Patricia Lucio Alves Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503‐900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

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Paulo Flavio Silveira Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Unit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503‐900 Sao Paulo, Brazil

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(ANG) IV receptor ( Albiston et al . 2010 ), has an important interaction with subcellular distribution of GLUT4 in adipocytes ( Jordens et al . 2010 ). IRAP is well-recognized as a companion of glucose transporter GLUT4 and a key regulator of the

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Gulizar Issa Ameen Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

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Silvia Mora Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

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Introduction Casitas b-lymphoma (Cbl) is a proximal insulin receptor adaptor protein identified as necessary for insulin-mediated activation of glucose transport in adipocytes ( Baumann et al . 2000 , Chiang et al . 2001 , Chang et al

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Miriam Thomalla Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Andreas Schmid Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Elena Neumann Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Petra Ina Pfefferle Comprehensive Biomaterial Bank Marburg (CBBMR), Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

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Ulf Müller-Ladner Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Germany

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Andreas Schäffler Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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Thomas Karrasch Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany

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( Schaffler et al . 2005 , 2006 , 2007 ). Obesity is associated with a significant pro-inflammatory transformation of the complex cellular environment of adipose tissue (encompassing adipocytes, pre-adipocytes, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages

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M Skrzypski Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań

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M Billert Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań

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K W Nowak Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań

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M Z Strowski Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology & The Interdisciplinary Centre of Metabolism: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Park-Klinik Weissensee, Internal Medicine – Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany

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glucose and lipid metabolism. Orexin in adipose tissue Expression of orexin and orexin receptors in white adipose tissue Despite some inconsistencies, it appears that both OXR isoforms are present in adipocytes. While OXR1 and OXR2 were

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Noriko Tagawa Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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Sayaka Kubota Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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Ikuo Kato Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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Yoshiharu Kobayashi Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan

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. Recently, evidence has been accumulated that intracellular glucocorticoid amplification in adipocytes by 11β-HSD1 contributes to central obesity and, consequently, promotes metabolic diseases in experimental animals ( Masuzaki et al . 2001 ) and humans

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A Tsuchiya Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan

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T Kanno Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan

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T Nishizaki Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan

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glucose uptake into cells, and assayed Akt1/2 activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes expressing myc-tagged GLUT4 (3T3-L1-GLUT4myc adipocytes) and under cell-free conditions. We show here that insulin stimulates GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface and increases

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Junlan Zhou
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Min Cheng Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Chan Boriboun
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Mariam M Ardehali
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Changfei Jiang Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Qinghua Liu Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Shuling Han
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David A Goukassian Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Yao-Liang Tang Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Ting C Zhao Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Ming Zhao
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Lu Cai Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Stéphane Richard Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Raj Kishore Department of Medicine–Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, GeneSys Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Center for Translational Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry 14‐721, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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Gangjian Qin
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resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease ( Bornfeldt & Tabas 2011 ). In the body, white adipose tissue (WAT) is a major lipid depot that contains unilocular white adipocytes for storing vast amounts of nutrients as lipids. Brown adipose tissue

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Xiwen Xiong Department of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China

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Cuicui Zhang School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China

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Yang Zhang Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA

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Rui Fan School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China

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Xinlai Qian School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China

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X Charlie Dong Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA

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). However, the role of SIRT6 in adipose tissue is not well understood. Conditional gene knockout with the use of cell type-specific Cre lines is a powerful technique to ablate a specific gene in a target cell type, such as the adipocyte ( Wang 2009 ). As a

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