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Chiung-Kuei Huang George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

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Soo Ok Lee George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

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Eugene Chang George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Institute Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

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Haiyan Pang George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

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Chawnshang Chang George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

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) has been applied and patients indeed showed improvement in heart functions ( Vigna & Bergami 2005 , Kang et al . 2012 ). Due to this dilemma, recent studies were shifted to the effects of the androgen receptor (AR) rather than androgens on CVDs, as

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0518
Volume/Issue:
Volume 229: Issue 1
Free access
Verónica Torres-Estay Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Daniela V Carreño Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Ignacio F San Francisco Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Paula Sotomayor Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Alejandro S Godoy Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Gary J Smith Departamento de Fisiología, Urología, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Sciences, Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile

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Androgen receptor and vascular cells Androgens are male sex hormones that are critical for the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system. Given the extensive role of androgens in normal physiology, abnormal androgen activity has

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0611
Volume/Issue:
Volume 224: Issue 3
Free access
Kelly Coffey Solid Tumour Target Discovery Group, The Medical School, Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK

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Craig N Robson Solid Tumour Target Discovery Group, The Medical School, Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK

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Introduction The androgen receptor (AR; Fig. 1 ) is a steroid hormone receptor that plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PC) progression and development. In addition, it can also cause spinal bulbar muscular dystrophy (commonly referred to as

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0238
Volume/Issue:
Volume 215: Issue 2
Free access
Dieuwertje C E Spaanderman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Mark Nixon BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Jacobus C Buurstede Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Hetty H C M Sips Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Maaike Schilperoort Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Eline N Kuipers Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Emma A Backer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Sander Kooijman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Patrick C N Rensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Natalie Z M Homer BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Brian R Walker BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Onno C Meijer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Jan Kroon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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al . 2010 ). Such sexually dimorphic effects could possibly be explained by glucocorticoid interactions with sex hormone signaling, e.g. androgen receptor (AR) activity. AR signaling is known to regulate physiological processes like adipose tissue

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0503
Volume/Issue:
Volume 240: Issue 1
Free access
Mutaz Musa Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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Shannon M Fernando Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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Diptendu Chatterjee Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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D Ashley Monks Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
Institute of Medical Science, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3

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-type (Wt) or vehicle (VEH)-treated females, show increased specific activity of complexes I–IV of the respiratory chain measured in nmol/min per mg protein. L141 females, which overexpress androgen receptor to a greater extent, show greater increases in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0071
Volume/Issue:
Volume 210: Issue 1
Free access
Yizhou Zhang Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Meiqin Chen Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Huan Chen Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Shixiong Mi Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Chang Wang Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Hongchun Zuo Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Leigang Song Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Juan Du Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Huixian Cui Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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Sha Li Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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disorders ( Bianchi et al. 2020 , Li et al. 2020 ). However, there is a pressing need to better understand the mechanisms elucidating the effects of androgen on cognition. The androgen receptor (AR), which acts as a transcriptional regulator, mediates

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0114
Volume/Issue:
Volume 260: Issue 2
Open access
J M Bentel
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W D Tilley
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Introduction

Prostate cancer constitutes a major health issue in Western countries where it is now the most frequently diagnosed invasive tumour and second leading cause of cancer deaths (Wingo et al. 1995). Androgen action in prostate cancers, as in the normal prostate gland and other target organs, is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor gene superfamily (O'Malley 1990, Truss & Beato 1993). Although the human AR has only recently been cloned (Chang et al. 1988, Lubahn et al. 1988, Trapman et al. 1988, Tilley et al. 1989), specific actions of androgens on the growth, differentiation and function of the prostate gland were elucidated early this century. In 1941, Huggins and Hodges demonstrated that, similar to non-malignant prostate, prostate cancers were androgen-responsive and that tumour regression was evident following removal of testicular androgens by castration. More than

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1510001
Volume/Issue:
Volume 151: Issue 1
Restricted access
Mahsa Hamzeh Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 104, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6

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Bernard Robaire Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 104, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 104, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6

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their effects by diffusing through the plasma membrane and binding to intracellular androgen receptors (ARs). The AR functions as a ligand-inducible transcription factor modulating transcription of target genes ( He et al . 1999 , Heinlein & Chang

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-10-0223
Volume/Issue:
Volume 209: Issue 1
Free access
Ioannis Simitsidellis Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Arantza Esnal-Zuffiaure Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Olympia Kelepouri Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Elisabeth O’Flaherty Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Douglas A Gibson Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Philippa T K Saunders Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK

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Introduction Androgens are pleiotropic hormones which bind with high affinity and specificity to androgen receptors (ARs) to regulate both reproductive and other tissues. In the uterus, androgen-target cells include stromal fibroblasts and

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0153
Volume/Issue:
Volume 242: Issue 3
Open access
Guy G T’Sjoen Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Department of Endocrinology, Free University Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

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Yves Beguin Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Department of Endocrinology, Free University Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

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Els Feyen Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Department of Endocrinology, Free University Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

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Robert Rubens Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Department of Endocrinology, Free University Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

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Jean-Marc Kaufman Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Department of Endocrinology, Free University Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

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Louis Gooren Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Department of Endocrinology, Free University Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
Department of Hematology, University of Liège, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

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et al. (1997) . The mechanisms by which androgens exert these effects have not been elucidated. It has been suggested that androgen action on erythropoiesis is mediated by a nuclear androgen receptor ( Claustres & Sultan 1988 ). Administration

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06112
Volume/Issue:
Volume 186: Issue 1
Free access