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Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Introduction It was in the 1930s, after the discovery and first use of insulin, that Harold Percival Himsworth first made the distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes ( Bryder & Harper 2013 ). However, it was not until the 1970s
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because of their causal association with diabetes mellitus. For this reason, α cell research has been somewhat neglected, leaving many unanswered questions about α cell biology. However, in recent years, α cell research has gained momentum due to the
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a strong inflammatory component that results from the interaction between predisposing genes and environmental factors (e.g. viral infections and diet). This interaction
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Weill Cornell Medical College – Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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body, as they are revealed by studies of metabolic profiling in diabetes ( German et al . 2005 , Wenk 2005 ). Application of metabolomics approaches to metabolic disorders, especially diabetes, is particularly promising since deregulations of
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 347 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization predicts that diabetes-related deaths could double between 2005 and 2030. The research conducted by American Diabetes Association estimated that
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Introduction Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, resulting in a hyperglycemic state. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice (NOD
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Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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Heterogeneity of diabetes Present official classification of diabetes Diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), is one of the fastest increasing diseases worldwide. However, under the term T2D, we lump together diseases with varying
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Introduction The incidence of diabetes mellitus, particularly obesity-related type 2 diabetes, is increasing at an alarming rate in the developed world, and this epidemic is driving numerous research programmes into the causes of, and new treatment
Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
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Type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major, rapidly increasing global public health challenge. The number of adults with diabetes is estimated to have increased from 108 to 422 million between 1980 and 2014 making it one of the fastest
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Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a common disorder in dogs and cats, with a reported hospital prevalence rate of ∼0.4–1.2%. Classic clinical signs of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. Clinical signs do not develop
