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K L Gustafsson
K L Gustafsson
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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K H Nilsson
K H Nilsson
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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H H Farman
H H Farman
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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A Andersson
A Andersson
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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V Lionikaite
V Lionikaite
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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P Henning
P Henning
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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J Wu
J Wu
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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S H Windahl
S H Windahl
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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U Islander
U Islander
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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S Movérare-Skrtic
S Movérare-Skrtic
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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K Sjögren
K Sjögren
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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H Carlsten
H Carlsten
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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J-Å Gustafsson
J-Å Gustafsson
Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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C Ohlsson
C Ohlsson
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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M K Lagerquist
M K Lagerquist
Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Introduction Estrogen, the main female reproductive hormone, is a major regulator of bone homeostasis and it is well known that estrogen deficiency after menopause increases fracture risk and that estrogen treatment decreases this risk
Graham W Aberdeen
Graham W Aberdeen
Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jeffery S Babischkin
Jeffery S Babischkin
Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Gerald J Pepe
Gerald J Pepe
Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Eugene D Albrecht
Eugene D Albrecht
Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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levels or action of estrogen are curtailed or reduced during human pregnancy, e.g. preterm birth, aromatase gene mutation, or endocrine disruptors that interfere with estrogen receptor action, lead to T2DM in offspring ( Hofman et al. 2004
Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Siripong Palee
Siripong Palee
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Kenneth Chattipakorn
Kenneth Chattipakorn
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Thidarat Jaiwongkum
Thidarat Jaiwongkum
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nattayaporn Apaijai
Nattayaporn Apaijai
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wasana Pratchayasakul
Wasana Pratchayasakul
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nipon Chattipakorn
Nipon Chattipakorn
Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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estrogen deprivation by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) caused an increase in mortality from CVD, while estrogen could reduce the risk, indicating its beneficial effects on the heart ( Rivera et al. 2009 ). Also, endogenous estrogen deficiency resulted in
Tian Shuang
Tian Shuang
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
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School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
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Ming Fu
Ming Fu
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Guangdong Yang
Guangdong Yang
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
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Ying Huang
Ying Huang
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
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School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
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Zhongming Qian
Zhongming Qian
Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Lingyun Wu
Lingyun Wu
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Rui Wang
Rui Wang
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Introduction Cardiovascular beneficiary effects of estrogen have been widely reported in human studies, such as the reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases in premenopausal women ( Reslan & Khalil 2012 , Yang et al. 2013 ). Studies
Maryam Iravani
Maryam Iravani
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Marie Lagerquist
Marie Lagerquist
Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Claes Ohlsson
Claes Ohlsson
Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lars Sävendahl
Lars Sävendahl
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Introduction Longitudinal bone growth takes place in the growth plate, consisting of three layers: resting zone, proliferative zone and the hypertrophic zone. Bone growth is regulated by estrogens, acting either indirectly via the GH
Kenichiro Watanabe
Kenichiro Watanabe
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Takahiro Nemoto
Takahiro Nemoto
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Shigeo Akira
Shigeo Akira
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Toshiyuki Takeshita
Toshiyuki Takeshita
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Tamotsu Shibasaki
Tamotsu Shibasaki
Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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endometriosis ( Novembri et al . 2011 ). However, the regulatory mechanisms of Ucn2 expression in reproductive organs are not well understood. Estrogens regulate many physiological processes in both the reproductive system and the cardiovascular systems
Xi Tao
Xi Tao
Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yaxin Xu
Yaxin Xu
Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zheng Gong
Zheng Gong
The School of Public Affairs & Governance, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Negros, Philippines
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Yuxuan Wang
Yuxuan Wang
The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Fei Huang
Fei Huang
Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Hong Sun
Hong Sun
Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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( Hou et al. 2018 , Ndzie Noah et al. 2021 ), suggesting that estrogen may play an important role in maintaining female heart health. Further analysis in ascending aorta samples from premenopausal and postmenopausal women with atherosclerosis showed
Soyoung Choi
Soyoung Choi
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Hyejin Shin
Hyejin Shin
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Haengseok Song
Haengseok Song
Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Hyunjung Jade Lim
Hyunjung Jade Lim
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blood vessels. Many uterine functions are under the regulation of ovarian steroid hormones, estrogens and progesterone (P 4 ; Dey et al . 2004 , Das 2009 ), and uterine cell types respond to hormones in a differential manner. Ovarian estrogen targets
Shisan Xu
Shisan Xu
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Fangjing Xie
Fangjing Xie
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Li Tian
Li Tian
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Samane Fallah
Samane Fallah
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Fatemeh Babaei
Fatemeh Babaei
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Sinai H C Manno
Sinai H C Manno
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Francis A M Manno III
Francis A M Manno III
School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Lina Zhu
Lina Zhu
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Kin Fung Wong
Kin Fung Wong
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Yimin Liang
Yimin Liang
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Rajkumar Ramalingam
Rajkumar Ramalingam
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Lei Sun
Lei Sun
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Xin Wang
Xin Wang
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Robert Plumb
Robert Plumb
Waters Technologies Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA
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Lee Gethings
Lee Gethings
Waters Technologies Corporation, Milford, Massachusetts, USA
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Yun Wah Lam
Yun Wah Lam
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Shuk Han Cheng
Shuk Han Cheng
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) at City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) at City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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cardiomyocytes are sexually dimorphic ( Isensee et al . 2008 , Tsuji et al . 2017 ), and estrogen receptor expression is deregulated in some cardiomyopathies ( Mahmoodzadeh et al . 2006 ). Despite the apparent involvement of estrogen in CVD, clinical
Fangyuan Chen
Fangyuan Chen
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Haili Yu
Haili Yu
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Haichuan Zhang
Haichuan Zhang
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Runzhu Zhao
Runzhu Zhao
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kaifang Cao
Kaifang Cao
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yinghua Liu
Yinghua Liu
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiandong Luo
Jiandong Luo
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Qin Xue
Qin Xue
Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of, Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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studies have discovered that abnormal estrogen levels are associated with the occurrence of obesity, hypertension and coronary heart disease ( Taylor & Sullivan 2016 , Leeners et al. 2017 , Fortini et al. 2019 ). Epidemiological studies have shown
