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Stuart A Lanham Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

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Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia

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Richard O C Oreffo Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

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Abigail L Fowden Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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Alison J Forhead Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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, however, on the endocrine control of bone development in altricial species where the skeleton is not required for weight-bearing or locomotion until later in postnatal life. Insulin is a key growth hormone in the fetus. It is secreted by the fetal

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0189
Volume/Issue:
Volume 252: Issue 1
Open access
K L Davies Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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E J Camm Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia

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D J Smith Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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O R Vaughan Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK

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A J Forhead Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK

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A J Murray Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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A L Fowden Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

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. 1994 , Rachamim et al. 1995 , Weber et al. 2002 , Du et al. 2009 ). Glucocorticoids can also act as stress signals in the fetus but, during normal conditions in late gestation, their primary role is as a signal of impending delivery

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0171
Volume/Issue:
Volume 251: Issue 1
Open access
M Kurtz Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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E Capobianco Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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V Careaga Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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N Martinez Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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M B Mazzucco Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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M Maier Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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A Jawerbaum Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, UMYMFOR (CONICET‐UBA), CEFyBO‐CONICET, School of Medicine and

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2009 , Ali & Dornhorst 2011 ). Both glucose and lipid metabolic substrates transferred in excess from maternal circulation into the fetuses have been involved in the generation of a proinflammatory environment that challenges the development of the

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0362
Volume/Issue:
Volume 220: Issue 3
Free access
Sonnet S Jonker Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Daniel Kamna Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

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Dan LoTurco Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Jenai Kailey Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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Laura D Brown Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA

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al. 2017 ). We hypothesized that in near-term fetuses with severe IUGR we would find ventricular cardiomyocyte immaturity, reduced proliferation and suppression of intracellular growth regulatory pathways similar to those suppressed in skeletal

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0382
Volume/Issue:
Volume 239: Issue 2
Free access
Chia-Lei Lin Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Lyda Williams Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Yoshinori Seki Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Harpreet Kaur Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Kirsten Hartil Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Ariana Fiallo Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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A Scott Glenn Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Ellen B Katz Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Maureen J Charron Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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Patricia M Vuguin Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
Departments of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics

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of MetS in G4+/− and WT offspring ( Hartil et al . 2009 , Vuguin et al . 2013 ). Although both animal models developed features of metabolic disease, genotype-dependent differences were observed. Specifically, WT fetuses exposed to a HFD in utero

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-14-0114
Volume/Issue:
Volume 222: Issue 2
Free access
Cynthia L Blanco Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Alvaro G Moreira Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Lisa L McGill-Vargas Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Diana G Anzueto Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Peter Nathanielsz Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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Nicolas Musi Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics
Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics
Neonatology Division, Diabetes Division, Geriatric Research, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics

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administered in late gestation, whereas AKT (protein kinase B) and mTOR pathway molecules were only increased in the muscle of those fetuses exposed to cortisol infusion but not GCs ( Jellyman et al . 2012 ). Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants (<1000 g

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0504
Volume/Issue:
Volume 221: Issue 2
Free access
S A Lanham
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A L Fowden Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK

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C Roberts
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C Cooper
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R O C Oreffo
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A J Forhead Bone and Joint Research Group, Department of Physiology, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK

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hormone deficiency for bone development in the fetus. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a condition of thyroid hormone deficiency that affects 1 in 3000–4000 births in the UK and is commonly due to abnormal development of the thyroid gland in the fetus

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0138
Volume/Issue:
Volume 210: Issue 2
Free access
Jacqueline M Wallace Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK

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continuing or complete based on their height at delivery relative to parental height ( Frisancho et al. 1985 ). When pregnant adolescents are undernourished, it is likely that both mother and fetus are compromised and in partial support there is evidence

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0670
Volume/Issue:
Volume 242: Issue 1
Free access
Ying Sze Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK

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Joana Fernandes The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK

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Zofia M Kołodziejczyk Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Paula J Brunton Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Haining, Zhejiang, P.R. China

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HPA axis that can impact its function at maturity. Furthermore, the biological signal(s) that permits psychosocial stress, perceived by the mother, to be recognised by the fetus has not been fully identified ( Rakers et al. 2017 ). One mechanism

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-22-0226
Volume/Issue:
Volume 255: Issue 3
Open access
Harleen Kaur Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Beverly S Muhlhausler CSIRO Nutrition and Health, Adelaide, Australia

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Claire T Roberts Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia

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Kathryn L Gatford Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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nutrients to the fetus ( Kopp-Hoolihan et al. 1999 , Ladyman & Grattan 2004 , Li et al. 2021 ). In order to cope with the increased energy demands of pregnancy, significant alterations occur to the maternal metabolic and endocrine state. Maternal whole

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-21-0087
Volume/Issue:
Volume 251: Issue 3
Free access