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Ellen H Stolte Department of Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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B M Lidy Verburg van Kemenade Department of Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Huub F J Savelkoul Department of Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Gert Flik Department of Animal Physiology, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs; cortisol and corticosterone) play a pivotal role in vertebrate physiology through a plethora of control mechanisms. The GC system, with a nuclear glucocorticoid receptor (GR), is found in all

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06703
Volume/Issue:
Volume 190: Issue 1
Free access
Kerryn M Taylor Division of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

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David W Ray Manchester Centre for Nuclear Hormone Research and Disease, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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Paula Sommer Division of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

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receptor Glucocorticoids (Gcs) are a class of steroid hormones that function to maintain homeostasis. The effects of Gcs are mediated by the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR), an intracellular ligand-activated transcription factor and

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0496
Volume/Issue:
Volume 229: Issue 1
Free access
Dieuwertje C E Spaanderman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Mark Nixon BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Jacobus C Buurstede Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Hetty H C M Sips Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Maaike Schilperoort Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Eline N Kuipers Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Emma A Backer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Sander Kooijman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Patrick C N Rensen Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Natalie Z M Homer BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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Brian R Walker BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

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Onno C Meijer Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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Jan Kroon Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

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). Glucocorticoid action in metabolism is predominantly mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) which are expressed in virtually all tissues in both humans and rodents. It is known that glucocorticoid transcriptional activity is subject to multiple levels of

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-18-0503
Volume/Issue:
Volume 240: Issue 1
Free access
Alistair I Freeman
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Helen L Munn
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Val Lyons
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Alexander Dammermann
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Jonathan R Seckl
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Karen E Chapman
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Introduction Glucocorticoids exert effects on virtually all tissues, the majority of which are mediated by the type II glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Despite near ubiquitous expression, GR levels vary widely both between and within

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05773
Volume/Issue:
Volume 183: Issue 2
Free access
Eugenie Macfarlane Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia

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Hong Zhou Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia

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Markus J Seibel Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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play a pivotal role in chronobiology by synchronising the body’s biological clocks and hence harmonising circadian rhythms across different organs and tissues. These diverse actions of glucocorticoids are mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR

Article Type:
Review Article
Collections:
Endocrine Society of Australia special collection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-23-0399
Volume/Issue:
Volume 261: Issue 2
Restricted access
George Schlossmacher Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences

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Adam Stevens Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences

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Anne White Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences
Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences

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nucleus, the GR can then act as either a transcriptional activator or a repressor depending on the gene and the cellular environment. Figure 1 Glucocorticoid receptor signalling. The glucocorticoid receptor translocates to the nucleus upon ligand binding

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-11-0135
Volume/Issue:
Volume 211: Issue 1
Free access
Ronald J van der Sluis Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands

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Miranda Van Eck Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands

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Menno Hoekstra Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands

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response needed to cope with stress through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in target tissues ( Kadmiel & Cidlowski 2013 ). We have previously shown that lipoprotein-associated cholesterol contributes at least 50% to the total cellular pool

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0023
Volume/Issue:
Volume 226: Issue 3
Free access
Alberto Dinarello Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Giorgio Licciardello Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Camilla Maria Fontana Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Natascia Tiso Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Francesco Argenton Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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Luisa Dalla Valle Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

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). GR is able to bind glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) consisting of palindromic 5’-GGTACAnnnTGTTCT-3’ DNA sequences, in which ‘n’ could be any nucleotide ( Beato & Klug 2000 ). Remarkably, the response elements of other steroid receptors that

Article Type:
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-20-0173
Volume/Issue:
Volume 247: Issue 3
Free access
Erin Faught Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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Mathilakath M Vijayan Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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GCs on growth is mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation of proteolytic pathways ( Shimizu et al. 2011 , Lipina & Hundal 2016 , Britto et al. 2018 ). Indeed, both murf1 and redd1 are under the transcriptional control of GR in

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-19-0358
Volume/Issue:
Volume 244: Issue 2
Restricted access
James S M Cuffe School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, and Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Zarqa Saif Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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Anthony V Perkins School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia

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Karen M Moritz School of Biomedical Sciences, and Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

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Vicki L Clifton Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia

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glucocorticoid signaling through intricate interactions with steroid receptors is vital for healthy development. While natural glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) can bind to both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to

Article Type:
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-17-0171
Volume/Issue:
Volume 234: Issue 2
Free access