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references and focused on literature that highlighted the connection between SMKIs and blood glucose and insulin and also uncovered the mechanisms of action linking metabolism and SMKIs in humans and in pre-clinical studies. SMKIs have opposing effects
Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
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Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
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Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
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is the observation that body weights at sacrifice were higher for HFD-last than HFD-post. Leptin impacts food intake and plays an important role in energy balance including glucose metabolism and diabetes ( Klok et al. 2007 , Meek & Morton 2016
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Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
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Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France
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(disallowed genes) ( Quintens et al . 2008 , Pullen & Rutter 2013 ). Indeed, beta cells have a dedicated metabolism comprising a tightly regulated chain of elements from glucose sensors to a specialized exocytosis machinery. Glucose metabolism in beta cells
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Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of
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Laboratory of Endocrinology, Clinical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Departments of
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hypothalamus, regulates most of the processes affected by thyronamines (body temperature, cardiac function, and energy metabolism). Moreover, a principal role in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism has recently emerged for the hypothalamus ( Obici et al
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. 1995 , Teixeira et al. 2019 ). During lactation, changes in maternal metabolism occur to fulfill the nutrient and mineral requirements for milk production ( Kovacs 2016 , Canul & Fernandez 2019). Lactating rats present lower glucose and plasma
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Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Adachi, Tokyo, Japan
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et al. 1999 ). Because adiponectin is a crucial factor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, reduced adiponectin levels play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome
Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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therapy. In this review, we summarize the major findings on the function of PGC-1α in glucose metabolism and discuss its potential therapeutic applications for T2DM. The close correlation between PGC-1α polymorphisms and T2DM is also discussed in this
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inhibition of glucose production in the liver ( Perry et al. 2015 ). Thus, insulin modulates hepatic gluconeogenesis via both direct and indirect mechanisms ( Ader & Bergman 1990 , Cherrington 2005 ). FoxO6 in hepatic glucose metabolism Although
Department of Medicine Austin Health, Department of Endocrinology, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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70 years of clinical experience. On the other hand, in functional androgen deficiency due to axis suppression because of age-related comorbidities, treatment may aim for a specific health outcome, such as improvement of glucose metabolism, and
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Introduction Breakthroughs in metabolic research rely upon in vivo studies using animal models, usually rodents. Assessment of glucose metabolism in rodents is a key component of diabetes research. Although general guidelines for