Introduction Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of many metabolic disorders, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS
Muraly Puttabyatappa, Robert M Sargis and Vasantha Padmanabhan
Kok Lim Kua, Shanming Hu, Chunlin Wang, Jianrong Yao, Diana Dang, Alexander B Sawatzke, Jeffrey L Segar, Kai Wang and Andrew W Norris
Introduction Offspring born from pregnancy complicated by diabetes have a lifelong increased risk of insulin resistance. In humans, such offspring have a 4- to 8-fold higher risk, beyond genetic risk, to develop type 2 diabetes, metabolic
Jiean Xu, Qiuhua Yang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Zhiping Liu, Yapeng Cao, Lina Wang, Yaqi Zhou, Xianqiu Zeng, Qian Ma, Yiming Xu, Yong Wang, Lei Huang, Zhen Han, Tao Wang, David Stepp, Zsolt Bagi, Chaodong Wu, Mei Hong and Yuqing Huo
resistance-associated metabolic perturbations. Accumulating evidence highlights a critical role for adenosine signaling in the development of insulin resistance ( Antonioli et al. 2015 , Pardo et al. 2017 ). Adenosine signaling is also closely
Nigel Turner, Gregory J Cooney, Edward W Kraegen and Clinton R Bruce
(obesity) and reduced insulin action (insulin resistance) in muscle, this article will deal with FAs as an alternative energy substrate to glucose, the relevance of this substrate competition to overall energy expenditure and an assessment of the various
Claudia E Robert-Cooperman, Grace C Dougan, Shari L Moak, Mark G Athanason, Melanie N Kuehl, Harris Bell-Temin, Stanley M Stevens Jr and Brant R Burkhardt
. 2 A. The difference in fasting glycemia was diminished over time due to WT group (6 months of age) having increased glucose levels potentially attributed to age-dependent insulin resistance ( Fig. 2 A). Significantly higher ( P <0.001) glycemic
Gary J Remington, Celine Teo, Virginia Wilson, Araba Chintoh, Melanie Guenette, Zohra Ahsan, Adria Giacca and Margaret K Hahn
point, to our knowledge, only two clinical studies exist specifically evaluating insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance respectively in the context of antipsychotic treatment ( Henderson et al . 2009 , Smith et al . 2013 ). Both examined
Mohamed Asrih and François R Jornayvaz
, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, suggesting that NAFLD might be considered as the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome ( Marchesini et al . 2001 , Adams et al . 2005 ). The metabolic syndrome is a leading cause of mortality
Lidong Zhai and Joseph L Messina
Introduction Acute insulin resistance is common following trauma, hemorrhage, sepsis, burn, and critical illness ( Ikezu et al . 1997 , Carter 1998 , Van den Berghe et al . 2001 , Cree & Wolfe 2008 ). Chronic insulin resistant states, such as
Sandra Pereira, Anu Shah, I George Fantus, Jamie W Joseph and Adria Giacca
Introduction Obesity is associated with elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and FFAs cause insulin resistance ( Lewis et al . 2002 , Xiao et al . 2008 ). FFAs induce oxidative stress ( Nakamura et al . 2009 , Yuzefovych et al . 2010
Sergio Di Meo, Susanna Iossa and Paola Venditti
increased the most in obese people, compared with lean ones, is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a condition resulting from the metabolic changes associated with excess fat. A pivotal role in T2DM development is played by insulin resistance (IR) that is
