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, genetically fat or lean chickens, or exogenous insulin challenge ( Dupont et al . 1998 a , b , c , 1999 , 2004 )). In contrast, these signaling steps (with the exception of Shc) were not altered in leg muscles by the various experimental conditions. This
Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Introduction Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin are part of the complex regulatory mechanisms that help to maintain normal myocardial function ( Abel 2004 , Saetrum & Wang 2005 ). Signaling pathways of IGF-I receptor
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insulin signaling at the level of insulin-receptor substrate (IRS)-1 phosphorylation ( Schütt et al. 2000 , Cammalleri & Germinario 2003 ), association of the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase; Schütt et al. 2000 ) and/or Thr
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Introduction Insulin signaling is the principal pathway that regulates glucose homeostasis of the body. Insulin binds to insulin receptor (IR) and initiates a complex signaling cascade, leading to glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4
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metabolic action ( Rincon et al. 1996 , Diamanti-Kandarakis & Dunaif 2012 ). It has been proposed that insulin resistance is caused by a post-binding defect in the insulin signaling pathway and/or related to mutations in the insulin receptor ( IR ) gene
Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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(IR) ( Dulloo & Montani 2012 ). IR is a hallmark of T2D, in which insulin at normal physiological concentrations fails to effectively activate its downstream signal transduction in the skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue ( Hartstra et al. 2015
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cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of insulin in governing cardiac energetics, and update on how insulin resistance promotes cellular dysfunction at the molecular level with interacting signaling cascade involving in IRS-1, -2 and Foxo1
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attenuated insulin-like signaling or increased oxidative stress, promotes anti-oxidative function, contributing to the lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans ( Lee et al. 2003 ). Likewise, the FoxO1 ortholog dFoxO signaling through insulin
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investigated the effects of prolonged insulin on GH signaling via the other two STATs (STAT3 and STAT1) in rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. We found that prolonged insulin pretreatment inhibited not only GH-induced tyrosine phosphorylation (PY) of STAT3 and STAT1 but
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Human Genetics, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge Street, Room 4389, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9628, USA
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Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Human Genetics, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge Street, Room 4389, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9628, USA
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cardiovascular events ( Lincoff et al . 2007 ). The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of PIO on the insulin-signaling pathway (hepatic levels of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) – total and phosphorylated at a serine(307