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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
Centre of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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–12 Obesity (BMI):OR = 1.45 1.25, 1.67 66.2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 28 Wu et al. 2014 10 164,016 ≥18 Self-reported Long sleep (>7 h) Normal (7 h) 1–12 Obesity (BMI):OR = 1.06 0.98, 1
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( Knutsson et al . 1986 , Schernhammer et al . 2001 ). Long-term shift work may lead to either adaptation or sensitisation to the effects of sleep deprivation. This suggests that non-shift workers and experienced shift workers may respond differently when
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and longer sleep latency were observed, as well as a reduction in NREM sleep ( Andersen & Tufik 2003 ). These results showed that pain was associated with intrinsic changes in sleep architecture. These findings have been confirmed in humans. A survey
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The circadian rhythms of many night-shift workers are maladapted to their imposed behavioural schedule, and this factor may be implicated in the increased occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in shift workers. One way in which CVD risk could be mediated is through inappropriate hormonal and metabolic responses to meals. This study investigated the responses to standard meals at different circadian times in a group of night-shift workers on a British Antarctic Survey station at Halley Bay (75 degrees S) in Antarctica. Twelve healthy subjects (ten men and two women) were recruited. Their postprandial hormone and metabolic responses to an identical mixed test meal of 3330 kJ were measured on three occasions: (i) during daytime on a normal working day, (ii) during night-time at the beginning of a period of night-shift work, and (iii) during the daytime on return from night working to daytime working. Venous blood was taken for 9 h after the meal for the measurement of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acids. Urine was collected 4-hourly (longer during sleep) on each test day for assessment of the circadian phase via 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) assay. During normal daytime working, aMT6s acrophase was delayed (7.7+/-1.0 h (s.e.m.)) compared with that previously found in temperate zones in a comparable age-group. During the night shift a further delay was evident (11.8+/-1.9 h) and subjects' acrophases remained delayed 2 days after return to daytime working (12.4+/-1.8 h). Integrated postprandial glucose, insulin and TAG responses were significantly elevated during the night shift compared with normal daytime working. Two days after their return to daytime working, subjects' postprandial glucose and insulin responses had returned to pre-shift levels; however, integrated TAG levels remained significantly elevated. These results are very similar to those previously found in simulated night-shift conditions; it is the first time such changes have been reported in real shift workers in field conditions. They provide evidence that the abnormal metabolic responses to meals taken at night during unadapted night shifts are due, at least in part, to a relative insulin resistance, which could contribute to the documented cardiovascular morbidity associated with shift work. When applied to the 20% of the UK workforce currently employed on shift work, these findings have major significance from an occupational health perspective.
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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, treatment protocols, and long-term effects. Sleep health Reproductive aging in women has been associated with changes in sleep patterns and sleep architecture that increase the burden of sleep disturbances. During midlife, poor sleep quality
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disorder, the demands of modern working schedules or experimental manipulations, there are long-term consequences for health. For example, disruption of this regular endocrine programme by poor sleep patterns can have a severe impact on metabolic and mental
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(reviewed in Skene & Arendt (2006) ). Compared with core body temperature and cortisol rhythms, melatonin is least affected by activity, sleep, meals and stress. The timing of the rhythm can be measured by estimating the time of melatonin onset, peak or
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such conditions, behavioral (sleep–wake and feeding–fasting), endocrine, and metabolic cycles persist in both humans and rodent models (with periodicities slightly longer and shorter than 24 h respectively) ( Aschoff 1965 , Pittendrigh & Daan 1976
Department of Endocrinology, CI Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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symptoms onset to diagnosis is usually about 7–10 years ( Rajasoorya et al . 1994 ), at the time of diagnosis many patients present with specific complications of the disease. The most prevalent comorbidities are arterial hypertension, sleep apnea
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Brain & Breathing Science Laboratory, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Introduction Many breathing disorders, such as sleep apnea and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), have a higher occurrence in males than in females, which may indicate the existence of sex differences in respiratory control ( Kapsimalis
