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Joshua A Kulas Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, USA

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Kendra L Puig Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, USA

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Colin K Combs Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, USA

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insulin and damages pancreatic islets ( Westermark et al . 1987 , Lorenzo et al . 1994 ). Whether Aβ itself influences pancreatic IAPP aggregation through cross-seeding or injures islets independently of IAPP remains uncertain. There are conflicting

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Gustavo Canul-Medina Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Leticia Riverón-Negrete Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Karina Pastén-Hidalgo Cátedra CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Paulina Morales-Castillo Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Francisco García-Vázquez Laboratorio de Immunología y Alergia, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos y Estudios Especiales, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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Cristina Fernandez-Mejia Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico

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insulin resistance and the capacity of beta cells to expand their mass, insulin production and secretion. There is extensive research documenting the pancreatic islets’ adaption to the insulin demand by increasing their size, the number of beta cells as

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Daniel Nyqvist
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Göran Mattsson
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Martin Köhler
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Varda Lev-Ram
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Arne Andersson
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Per-Ola Carlsson
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Astrid Nordin
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Per-Olof Berggren
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Leif Jansson
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are encouraging, increased knowledge about the function of pancreatic islets following transplantation is required to establish islet transplantation as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. To facilitate future structural and functional studies of

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Tetsuhiro Kakimoto Safety Research Laboratory, Department I, Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan

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Hirotaka Kimata Safety Research Laboratory, Department I, Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan

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Satoshi Iwasaki Safety Research Laboratory, Department I, Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan

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Atsushi Fukunari Safety Research Laboratory, Department I, Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan

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Hiroyuki Utsumi Safety Research Laboratory, Department I, Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 2-2-50, Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8505, Japan

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and pancreatic islet histology in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which has not been sufficiently investigated ( Finegood et al . 2001 ). The ZDF rat strain is of increasing preclinical interest, because of its pathophysiological similarities to

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Andrew W Norris Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Katie Larson Ode Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Lina Merjaneh Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

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Srinath Sanda Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

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Yaling Yi Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Xingshen Sun Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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John F Engelhardt Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

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Rebecca L Hull Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

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pancreatic disease may also drive endocrine pancreas pathology, as young children with CF already exhibit loss of islet β cells and islet inflammation ( Bogdani et al. 2017 , Hull et al. 2018 ). Such early pathological changes in the endocrine pancreas

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B T Layden
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V Durai
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M V Newman
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A M Marinelarena
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C W Ahn
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G Feng Division of Endocrinology, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Genomics Core, Medical Biotechnology Center, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 15, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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S Lin Division of Endocrinology, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Genomics Core, Medical Biotechnology Center, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 15, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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X Zhang Division of Endocrinology, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Genomics Core, Medical Biotechnology Center, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 15, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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D B Kaufman Division of Endocrinology, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Genomics Core, Medical Biotechnology Center, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 15, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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N Jafari Division of Endocrinology, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Genomics Core, Medical Biotechnology Center, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 15, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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G L Sørensen Division of Endocrinology, Northwestern University Biomedical Informatics Center, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Genomics Core, Medical Biotechnology Center, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Tarry 15, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA

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W L Lowe Jr
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Introduction Pancreatic β cells within the islets of Langerhans play a critical role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by sensing glucose levels and secreting insulin. Compensation in response to increased demands for insulin occurs through

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Charlotte Barbieux Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Géraldine Parnaud Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Vanessa Lavallard Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Estelle Brioudes Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Jérémy Meyer Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Mohamed Alibashe Ahmed Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Ekaterine Berishvili Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Thierry Berney Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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Domenico Bosco Department of Surgery, Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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glucose regulatory function as well, for instance by modulating insulin receptor expression in hepatocytes ( Seymour et al . 1996 ) and inhibiting glucagon release in mouse pancreatic islets ( Aragon et al . 2015 ). It is generally accepted that local

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Yusuke Taguchi Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Yoshie Tasaki Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Kiyoshi Terakado Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Kenichi Kobayashi Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Takeo Machida Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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Tetsuya Kobayashi Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan

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that there is a relationship between serum thyroid hormone levels and diabetes risk ( Iossa et al . 2001 , Crunkhorn & Patti 2008 ). Hyperthyroidism reduces glucose tolerance in mammals, and the insulin-secretory capacity of the pancreatic islets is

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Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Audrei Pavanello Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Laize Peron Tófolo Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Júlio Cezar de Oliveira Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Ana Maria Praxedes de Moraes Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Kelly Valério Prates Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Isabela Peixoto Martins Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Kesia Palma-Rigo Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Rosana Torrezan Department of Physiologic Science, State University of Maringá – Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Erica Yeo Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada

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Rodrigo Mello Gomes Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil

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Flávio Andrade Francisco Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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Ananda Malta Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Parana, Brazil

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of metabolic dysfunction. In addition, we aimed to assess pancreatic-islet function under the action of autonomic-insulinotropic and -insulinostatic agents, as well as under the direct action of isoflavones. Materials and methods Ethical

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Maria Karsai Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland

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Richard A Zuellig Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland

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Roger Lehmann Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland

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Federica Cuozzo Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Daniela Nasteska Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Edlira Luca Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland

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Constanze Hantel Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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David J Hodson Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK

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Giatgen A Spinas Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland

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Guy A Rutter Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
CR-CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

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Philipp A Gerber Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland

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( Kim et al. 1999 ), but also in pancreatic islet cells, where zinc is cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner ( Kim et al. 2000 ). To reach intracellular concentrations sufficient for proper function, but at the same time avoiding the toxic effects

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