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two months, all rats were killed by decapitation, and their tissues were collected and stored at −80°C until analysis. To dissect the effect of the sympathetic system over the ovary, we performed a second experiment, in which a physical denervation of
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the sympathetic system. As previously described ( Dorfman et al. 2003 ), we also found that exposure to cold stress decreased the number of secondary follicles after the first month of stress exposure and as Bernuci et al. (2013) described, the
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SUMMARY
Four mature Soay rams, cranially sympathectomized by removal of the superior cervical ganglia, were housed alongside four normal rams in controlled lighting conditions of alternating 16 week periods of short days of 8 h light: 16 h darkness (8L: 16D) and long days (16L: 8D). The changes in the concentration of FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone in the plasma, the size of the testes, the intensity of the sexual flush and the sexual and aggressive behaviour of the animals were recorded.
While the control rams were able to respond to the artificial lighting conditions with synchronized cycles of reproductive activity, the ganglionectomized animals failed to respond. The treated rams had well-developed testes and relatively high levels of gonadotrophins and testosterone in the blood throughout the experiment. It is concluded that the cranial sympathetic nervous system is involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal breeding in the ram, probably through its role in the innervation of the pineal gland.
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Instituto Latinoamericano de Fisiología de la Reproducción (I.L.A.F.I.R.), C.C. 10- San Miguel, P.B.A., Argentina
(Received 6 May 1975)
Previous investigations have indicated that the rat pineal gland, besides constituting a neuroendocrine transducer able to convert neural inputs originating in retinal photoreceptors and reaching the pinealocytes through their sympathetic nerves (Wurtman & Antón-Tay, 1969), has the capacity to respond to a variety of hormone signals in the circulation which include gonadal steroids (see below) and catecholamines (Lynch, Eng & Wurtman, 1973). Protein receptors for sex hormones are present within pineal cells and are controlled via a β-adrenergic receptor by the noradrenaline released from pineal nerve-endings (Cardinali, Nagle & Rosner, 1975). Treatment with oestradiol (Cardinali, Nagle & Rosner, 1974) or testosterone (Nagle, Cardinali & Rosner, 1974, 1975) enhances pineal melatonin and protein synthesis, a finding which suggests that a negative feedback operates between the gonads and the pineal gland of the rat.
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central hypothalamic–pituitary stress response, and also the function of the sympathetic adrenal system, which, as indicated above, is involved in the pathogenesis of the hypertensive disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothalamic
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which central leptin normalizes blood glucose concentrations in STZ-induced diabetic rats is not clear. One of the reported effects of central leptin is activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Direct nerve recordings have shown that i.v. leptin
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) for UCN2 and UCN3 ( Rademaker et al . 2002 , 2005 , 2006 ). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a pivotal element of normal cardiac and circulatory regulation. We have recently reported that UCN1 potently inhibits cardiac sympathetic nerve
Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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/volume homeostasis ( Samson 1999 ). Both entities show enhanced activation in cardiac injury and in heart failure, but the interaction between AM and the sympathetic nervous system is uncertain. Hemodynamic actions of infused AM include powerful and sustained
Área de Morfología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Área de Morfología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Área de Morfología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Área de Morfología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Área de Morfología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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system through the sympathetic ganglionic pathway. Experiments carried out in our laboratory have shown that coeliac ganglion stimulus with cholinergic agents and an adrenergic agent modifies the ovarian steroids release through the superior ovarian nerve
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BAT in anesthetized rats ( Yasuda et al . 2003 ). These results suggest that ghrelin inhibits the activity of BAT through the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system. Ghrelin increases food intake when it is injected i.c.v. or i.v. ( Date et al
