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Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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well as neurons in the caudal brainstem and hypothalamus ( Müller et al. 2019 ). Transcription factors PAX6, CDX2 and CREB regulate the expression of Gcg in L- and α-cells ( Jin 2008 ). Wnt signaling molecules, GSK-3B and TCF4, are also involved in
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European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium
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European Associated Laboratory (EAL) ‘NeuroMicrobiota’, Brussels/Toulouse, Belgium
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Introduction Obesity is linked with many cardiometabolic risk factors, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although lowering body weight is effective for alleviating several of these
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uptake, and by inhibiting the expression of FOXO transcription factors, gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose-6-phosphatase), and negative regulators of PI3K/Akt signaling like phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN) ( Cameron et al
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, cardiovascular or non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Even if these alterations certainly result from a dysregulation of the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure, it has been now clearly established that some other factors can participate to the